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Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules

During stem cell divisions, mitotic microtubules do more than just segregate the chromosomes. They also determine whether a cell divides virtually symmetrically or asymmetrically by establishing spindle orientation and the plane of cell division. This can be decisive for the fate of the stem cell pr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mora-Bermúdez, Felipe, Huttner, Wieland B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society for Cell Biology 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4666126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26628750
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E15-03-0152
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author Mora-Bermúdez, Felipe
Huttner, Wieland B.
author_facet Mora-Bermúdez, Felipe
Huttner, Wieland B.
author_sort Mora-Bermúdez, Felipe
collection PubMed
description During stem cell divisions, mitotic microtubules do more than just segregate the chromosomes. They also determine whether a cell divides virtually symmetrically or asymmetrically by establishing spindle orientation and the plane of cell division. This can be decisive for the fate of the stem cell progeny. Spindle defects have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, yet the role of spindle orientation for mammalian neurogenesis has remained controversial. Here we explore recent advances in understanding how the microtubule cytoskeleton influences mammalian neural stem cell division. Our focus is primarily on the role of spindle microtubules in the development of the cerebral cortex. We also highlight unique characteristics in the architecture and dynamics of cortical stem cells that are tightly linked to their mode of division. These features contribute to setting these cells apart as mitotic “rule breakers,” control how asymmetric a division is, and, we argue, are sufficient to determine the fate of the neural stem cell progeny in mammals.
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spelling pubmed-46661262016-02-16 Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules Mora-Bermúdez, Felipe Huttner, Wieland B. Mol Biol Cell Perspectives During stem cell divisions, mitotic microtubules do more than just segregate the chromosomes. They also determine whether a cell divides virtually symmetrically or asymmetrically by establishing spindle orientation and the plane of cell division. This can be decisive for the fate of the stem cell progeny. Spindle defects have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, yet the role of spindle orientation for mammalian neurogenesis has remained controversial. Here we explore recent advances in understanding how the microtubule cytoskeleton influences mammalian neural stem cell division. Our focus is primarily on the role of spindle microtubules in the development of the cerebral cortex. We also highlight unique characteristics in the architecture and dynamics of cortical stem cells that are tightly linked to their mode of division. These features contribute to setting these cells apart as mitotic “rule breakers,” control how asymmetric a division is, and, we argue, are sufficient to determine the fate of the neural stem cell progeny in mammals. The American Society for Cell Biology 2015-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4666126/ /pubmed/26628750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E15-03-0152 Text en © 2015 Mora-Bermúdez and Huttner. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). “ASCB®,” “The American Society for Cell Biology®,” and “Molecular Biology of the Cell®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology.
spellingShingle Perspectives
Mora-Bermúdez, Felipe
Huttner, Wieland B.
Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
title Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
title_full Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
title_fullStr Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
title_full_unstemmed Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
title_short Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
title_sort novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules
topic Perspectives
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4666126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26628750
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E15-03-0152
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