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Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments

Dredging poses a potential risk to tropical ecosystems, especially in turbidity-sensitive environments such as coral reefs, filter feeding communities and seagrasses. There is little detailed observational time-series data on the spatial effects of dredging on turbidity and light and defining likely...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fisher, Rebecca, Stark, Clair, Ridd, Peter, Jones, Ross
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667927/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26630575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143309
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author Fisher, Rebecca
Stark, Clair
Ridd, Peter
Jones, Ross
author_facet Fisher, Rebecca
Stark, Clair
Ridd, Peter
Jones, Ross
author_sort Fisher, Rebecca
collection PubMed
description Dredging poses a potential risk to tropical ecosystems, especially in turbidity-sensitive environments such as coral reefs, filter feeding communities and seagrasses. There is little detailed observational time-series data on the spatial effects of dredging on turbidity and light and defining likely footprints is a fundamental task for impact prediction, the EIA process, and for designing monitoring projects when dredging is underway. It is also important for public perception of risks associated with dredging. Using an extensive collection of in situ water quality data (73 sites) from three recent large scale capital dredging programs in Australia, and which included extensive pre-dredging baseline data, we describe relationships with distance from dredging for a range of water quality metrics. Using a criterion to define a zone of potential impact of where the water quality value exceeds the 80(th) percentile of the baseline value for turbidity-based metrics or the 20(th) percentile for the light based metrics, effects were observed predominantly up to three km from dredging, but in one instance up to nearly 20 km. This upper (~20 km) limit was unusual and caused by a local oceanographic feature of consistent unidirectional flow during the project. Water quality loggers were located along the principal axis of this flow (from 200 m to 30 km) and provided the opportunity to develop a matrix of exposure based on running means calculated across multiple time periods (from hours to one month) and distance from the dredging, and summarized across a broad range of percentile values. This information can be used to more formally develop water quality thresholds for benthic organisms, such as corals, filter-feeders (e.g. sponges) and seagrasses in future laboratory- and field-based studies using environmentally realistic and relevant exposure scenarios, that may be used to further refine distance based analyses of impact, potentially further reducing the size of the dredging footprint.
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spelling pubmed-46679272015-12-10 Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments Fisher, Rebecca Stark, Clair Ridd, Peter Jones, Ross PLoS One Research Article Dredging poses a potential risk to tropical ecosystems, especially in turbidity-sensitive environments such as coral reefs, filter feeding communities and seagrasses. There is little detailed observational time-series data on the spatial effects of dredging on turbidity and light and defining likely footprints is a fundamental task for impact prediction, the EIA process, and for designing monitoring projects when dredging is underway. It is also important for public perception of risks associated with dredging. Using an extensive collection of in situ water quality data (73 sites) from three recent large scale capital dredging programs in Australia, and which included extensive pre-dredging baseline data, we describe relationships with distance from dredging for a range of water quality metrics. Using a criterion to define a zone of potential impact of where the water quality value exceeds the 80(th) percentile of the baseline value for turbidity-based metrics or the 20(th) percentile for the light based metrics, effects were observed predominantly up to three km from dredging, but in one instance up to nearly 20 km. This upper (~20 km) limit was unusual and caused by a local oceanographic feature of consistent unidirectional flow during the project. Water quality loggers were located along the principal axis of this flow (from 200 m to 30 km) and provided the opportunity to develop a matrix of exposure based on running means calculated across multiple time periods (from hours to one month) and distance from the dredging, and summarized across a broad range of percentile values. This information can be used to more formally develop water quality thresholds for benthic organisms, such as corals, filter-feeders (e.g. sponges) and seagrasses in future laboratory- and field-based studies using environmentally realistic and relevant exposure scenarios, that may be used to further refine distance based analyses of impact, potentially further reducing the size of the dredging footprint. Public Library of Science 2015-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4667927/ /pubmed/26630575 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143309 Text en © 2015 Fisher et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Fisher, Rebecca
Stark, Clair
Ridd, Peter
Jones, Ross
Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments
title Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments
title_full Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments
title_fullStr Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments
title_full_unstemmed Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments
title_short Spatial Patterns in Water Quality Changes during Dredging in Tropical Environments
title_sort spatial patterns in water quality changes during dredging in tropical environments
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667927/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26630575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143309
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