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Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America

South America has a complex demographic history shaped by multiple migration and admixture events in pre- and post-colonial times. Settled over 14,000 years ago by Native Americans, South America has experienced migrations of European and African individuals, similar to other regions in the Americas...

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Autores principales: Homburger, Julian R., Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Gignoux, Christopher R., Nelson, Dominic, Sanchez, Elena, Ortiz-Tello, Patricia, Pons-Estel, Bernardo A., Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo, Miranda, Pedro, Langefeld, Carl D., Gravel, Simon, Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., Bustamante, Carlos D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4670080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26636962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602
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author Homburger, Julian R.
Moreno-Estrada, Andrés
Gignoux, Christopher R.
Nelson, Dominic
Sanchez, Elena
Ortiz-Tello, Patricia
Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.
Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo
Miranda, Pedro
Langefeld, Carl D.
Gravel, Simon
Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E.
Bustamante, Carlos D.
author_facet Homburger, Julian R.
Moreno-Estrada, Andrés
Gignoux, Christopher R.
Nelson, Dominic
Sanchez, Elena
Ortiz-Tello, Patricia
Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.
Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo
Miranda, Pedro
Langefeld, Carl D.
Gravel, Simon
Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E.
Bustamante, Carlos D.
author_sort Homburger, Julian R.
collection PubMed
description South America has a complex demographic history shaped by multiple migration and admixture events in pre- and post-colonial times. Settled over 14,000 years ago by Native Americans, South America has experienced migrations of European and African individuals, similar to other regions in the Americas. However, the timing and magnitude of these events resulted in markedly different patterns of admixture throughout Latin America. We use genome-wide SNP data for 437 admixed individuals from 5 countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Argentina) to explore the population structure and demographic history of South American Latinos. We combined these data with population reference panels from Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas to perform global ancestry analysis and infer the subcontinental origin of the European and Native American ancestry components of the admixed individuals. By applying ancestry-specific PCA analyses we find that most of the European ancestry in South American Latinos is from the Iberian Peninsula; however, many individuals trace their ancestry back to Italy, especially within Argentina. We find a strong gradient in the Native American ancestry component of South American Latinos associated with country of origin and the geography of local indigenous populations. For example, Native American genomic segments in Peruvians show greater affinities with Andean indigenous peoples like Quechua and Aymara, whereas Native American haplotypes from Colombians tend to cluster with Amazonian and coastal tribes from northern South America. Using ancestry tract length analysis we modeled post-colonial South American migration history as the youngest in Latin America during European colonization (9–14 generations ago), with an additional strong pulse of European migration occurring between 3 and 9 generations ago. These genetic footprints can impact our understanding of population-level differences in biomedical traits and, thus, inform future medical genetic studies in the region.
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spelling pubmed-46700802015-12-10 Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America Homburger, Julian R. Moreno-Estrada, Andrés Gignoux, Christopher R. Nelson, Dominic Sanchez, Elena Ortiz-Tello, Patricia Pons-Estel, Bernardo A. Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo Miranda, Pedro Langefeld, Carl D. Gravel, Simon Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E. Bustamante, Carlos D. PLoS Genet Research Article South America has a complex demographic history shaped by multiple migration and admixture events in pre- and post-colonial times. Settled over 14,000 years ago by Native Americans, South America has experienced migrations of European and African individuals, similar to other regions in the Americas. However, the timing and magnitude of these events resulted in markedly different patterns of admixture throughout Latin America. We use genome-wide SNP data for 437 admixed individuals from 5 countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Argentina) to explore the population structure and demographic history of South American Latinos. We combined these data with population reference panels from Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas to perform global ancestry analysis and infer the subcontinental origin of the European and Native American ancestry components of the admixed individuals. By applying ancestry-specific PCA analyses we find that most of the European ancestry in South American Latinos is from the Iberian Peninsula; however, many individuals trace their ancestry back to Italy, especially within Argentina. We find a strong gradient in the Native American ancestry component of South American Latinos associated with country of origin and the geography of local indigenous populations. For example, Native American genomic segments in Peruvians show greater affinities with Andean indigenous peoples like Quechua and Aymara, whereas Native American haplotypes from Colombians tend to cluster with Amazonian and coastal tribes from northern South America. Using ancestry tract length analysis we modeled post-colonial South American migration history as the youngest in Latin America during European colonization (9–14 generations ago), with an additional strong pulse of European migration occurring between 3 and 9 generations ago. These genetic footprints can impact our understanding of population-level differences in biomedical traits and, thus, inform future medical genetic studies in the region. Public Library of Science 2015-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4670080/ /pubmed/26636962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 Text en © 2015 Homburger et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Homburger, Julian R.
Moreno-Estrada, Andrés
Gignoux, Christopher R.
Nelson, Dominic
Sanchez, Elena
Ortiz-Tello, Patricia
Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.
Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo
Miranda, Pedro
Langefeld, Carl D.
Gravel, Simon
Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E.
Bustamante, Carlos D.
Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America
title Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America
title_full Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America
title_fullStr Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America
title_full_unstemmed Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America
title_short Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America
title_sort genomic insights into the ancestry and demographic history of south america
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4670080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26636962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602
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