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The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study

BACKGROUND: Hypertension, the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few studies have estimated and compared the burden of hypertension across different SSA populations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of blo...

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Autores principales: Guwatudde, David, Nankya-Mutyoba, Joan, Kalyesubula, Robert, Laurence, Carien, Adebamowo, Clement, Ajayi, IkeOluwapo, Bajunirwe, Francis, Njelekela, Marina, Chiwanga, Faraja S., Reid, Todd, Volmink, Jimmy, Adami, Hans-Olov, Holmes, Michelle D., Dalal, Shona
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4670543/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26637309
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2546-z
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author Guwatudde, David
Nankya-Mutyoba, Joan
Kalyesubula, Robert
Laurence, Carien
Adebamowo, Clement
Ajayi, IkeOluwapo
Bajunirwe, Francis
Njelekela, Marina
Chiwanga, Faraja S.
Reid, Todd
Volmink, Jimmy
Adami, Hans-Olov
Holmes, Michelle D.
Dalal, Shona
author_facet Guwatudde, David
Nankya-Mutyoba, Joan
Kalyesubula, Robert
Laurence, Carien
Adebamowo, Clement
Ajayi, IkeOluwapo
Bajunirwe, Francis
Njelekela, Marina
Chiwanga, Faraja S.
Reid, Todd
Volmink, Jimmy
Adami, Hans-Olov
Holmes, Michelle D.
Dalal, Shona
author_sort Guwatudde, David
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Hypertension, the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few studies have estimated and compared the burden of hypertension across different SSA populations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure data collected through a cohort study in four SSA countries, to estimate the prevalence of pre-hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension, and to identify the factors associated with hypertension. METHODS: Participants were from five different population groups defined by occupation and degree of urbanization, including rural and peri-urban residents in Uganda, school teachers in South Africa and Tanzania, and nurses in Nigeria. We used a standardized questionnaire to collect data on demographic and behavioral characteristics, injuries, and history of diagnoses of chronic diseases and mental health. We also made physical measurements (weight, height and blood pressure), as well as biochemical measurements; which followed standardized protocols across the country sites. Modified Poison regression modelling was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) as measures of association between potential risk factors and hypertension. RESULTS: The overall age-standardized prevalence of hypertension among the 1216 participants was 25.9 %. Prevalence was highest among nurses with an age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of 25.8 %, followed by school teachers (ASP = 23.2 %), peri-urban residents (ASP = 20.5 %) and lowest among rural residents (ASP = 8.7 %). Only 50.0 % of participants with hypertension were aware of their raised blood pressure. The overall age-standardized prevalence of pre-hypertension was 21.0 %. Factors found to be associated with hypertension were: population group, older age, higher body mass index, higher fasting plasma glucose level, lower level of education, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension are high, and differ by population group defined by occupation and degree of urbanization. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations.
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spelling pubmed-46705432015-12-06 The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study Guwatudde, David Nankya-Mutyoba, Joan Kalyesubula, Robert Laurence, Carien Adebamowo, Clement Ajayi, IkeOluwapo Bajunirwe, Francis Njelekela, Marina Chiwanga, Faraja S. Reid, Todd Volmink, Jimmy Adami, Hans-Olov Holmes, Michelle D. Dalal, Shona BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Hypertension, the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few studies have estimated and compared the burden of hypertension across different SSA populations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure data collected through a cohort study in four SSA countries, to estimate the prevalence of pre-hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension, and to identify the factors associated with hypertension. METHODS: Participants were from five different population groups defined by occupation and degree of urbanization, including rural and peri-urban residents in Uganda, school teachers in South Africa and Tanzania, and nurses in Nigeria. We used a standardized questionnaire to collect data on demographic and behavioral characteristics, injuries, and history of diagnoses of chronic diseases and mental health. We also made physical measurements (weight, height and blood pressure), as well as biochemical measurements; which followed standardized protocols across the country sites. Modified Poison regression modelling was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) as measures of association between potential risk factors and hypertension. RESULTS: The overall age-standardized prevalence of hypertension among the 1216 participants was 25.9 %. Prevalence was highest among nurses with an age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of 25.8 %, followed by school teachers (ASP = 23.2 %), peri-urban residents (ASP = 20.5 %) and lowest among rural residents (ASP = 8.7 %). Only 50.0 % of participants with hypertension were aware of their raised blood pressure. The overall age-standardized prevalence of pre-hypertension was 21.0 %. Factors found to be associated with hypertension were: population group, older age, higher body mass index, higher fasting plasma glucose level, lower level of education, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension are high, and differ by population group defined by occupation and degree of urbanization. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations. BioMed Central 2015-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4670543/ /pubmed/26637309 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2546-z Text en © Guwatudde et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Guwatudde, David
Nankya-Mutyoba, Joan
Kalyesubula, Robert
Laurence, Carien
Adebamowo, Clement
Ajayi, IkeOluwapo
Bajunirwe, Francis
Njelekela, Marina
Chiwanga, Faraja S.
Reid, Todd
Volmink, Jimmy
Adami, Hans-Olov
Holmes, Michelle D.
Dalal, Shona
The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study
title The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study
title_full The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study
title_fullStr The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study
title_full_unstemmed The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study
title_short The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study
title_sort burden of hypertension in sub-saharan africa: a four-country cross sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4670543/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26637309
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2546-z
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