Disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis – a review of approved medications

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is still no curative treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), but during the last 20 years eight different disease-modifying compounds have been approved for relapsing−remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS: A literature search was conducted on published randomized controlled phase III trials indexed in PubMed on the approved medications until 21 May 2015. RESULTS: In this review the mode of action, documented treatment effects and side effects of the approved MS therapies are briefly discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on current knowledge of risk−benefit of the approved MS medications, including factors influencing adherence, it is suggested that oral treatment with dimethyl fumarate or teriflunomide should be preferred as a starting therapy amongst the first-line preparations for de novo RRMS. In the case of breakthrough disease on first-line therapy, or rapidly evolving severe RRMS, second-line therapy with natalizumab, fingolimod or alemtuzumab should be chosen based on careful risk−benefit stratification.