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Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa
BACKGROUND: The development of insecticide resistance and the increased outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors reduce the efficiency of indoor vector control methods. Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs), a method targeting the sugar-feeding behaviours of vectors both indoors and outdoors, is a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672472/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26643110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-1012-9 |
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author | Zhu, Lin Marshall, John M. Qualls, Whitney A. Schlein, Yosef McManus, John W. Arheart, Kris L. Hlaing, WayWay M. Traore, Sekou F. Doumbia, Seydou Müller, Günter C. Beier, John C. |
author_facet | Zhu, Lin Marshall, John M. Qualls, Whitney A. Schlein, Yosef McManus, John W. Arheart, Kris L. Hlaing, WayWay M. Traore, Sekou F. Doumbia, Seydou Müller, Günter C. Beier, John C. |
author_sort | Zhu, Lin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The development of insecticide resistance and the increased outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors reduce the efficiency of indoor vector control methods. Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs), a method targeting the sugar-feeding behaviours of vectors both indoors and outdoors, is a promising supplement to indoor tools. The number and configuration of these ATSB stations needed for malaria control in a community needs to be determined. METHODS: A hypothetical village, typical of those in sub-Saharan Africa, 600 × 600 m, consisting of houses, humans and essential resource requirements of Anopheles gambiae (sugar sources, outdoor resting sites, larval habitats) was simulated in a spatial individual-based model. Resource-rich and resource-poor environments were simulated separately. Eight types of configurations and different densities of ATSB stations were tested. Anopheles gambiae population size, human biting rate (HBR) and entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were compared between different ATSB configurations and densities. Each simulated scenario was run 50 times. RESULTS: Compared to the outcomes not altered by ATSB treatment in the control scenario, in resource-rich and resource-poor environments, respectively, the optimum ATSB treatment reduced female abundance by 98.22 and 91.80 %, reduced HBR by 99.52 and 98.15 %, and reduced EIR by 99.99 and 100 %. In resource-rich environments, n × n grid design, stations at sugar sources, resting sites, larval habitats, and random locations worked better in reducing vector population and HBRs than other configurations (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference of EIR reductions between all ATSB configurations (P > 0.05). In resource-poor environments, there was no significant difference of female abundances, HBRs and EIRs between all ATSB configurations (P > 0.05). The optimum number of ATSB stations was about 25 for resource-rich environments and nine for resource-poor environments. CONCLUSIONS: ATSB treatment reduced An. gambiae population substantially and reduced EIR to near zero regardless of environmental resource availability. In resource-rich environments, dispersive configurations worked better in reducing vector population, and stations at or around houses worked better in preventing biting and parasite transmission. In resource-poor environments, all configurations worked similarly. Optimum numbers of bait stations should be adjusted according to seasonality when resource availability changes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4672472 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46724722015-12-09 Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa Zhu, Lin Marshall, John M. Qualls, Whitney A. Schlein, Yosef McManus, John W. Arheart, Kris L. Hlaing, WayWay M. Traore, Sekou F. Doumbia, Seydou Müller, Günter C. Beier, John C. Malar J Research BACKGROUND: The development of insecticide resistance and the increased outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors reduce the efficiency of indoor vector control methods. Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs), a method targeting the sugar-feeding behaviours of vectors both indoors and outdoors, is a promising supplement to indoor tools. The number and configuration of these ATSB stations needed for malaria control in a community needs to be determined. METHODS: A hypothetical village, typical of those in sub-Saharan Africa, 600 × 600 m, consisting of houses, humans and essential resource requirements of Anopheles gambiae (sugar sources, outdoor resting sites, larval habitats) was simulated in a spatial individual-based model. Resource-rich and resource-poor environments were simulated separately. Eight types of configurations and different densities of ATSB stations were tested. Anopheles gambiae population size, human biting rate (HBR) and entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were compared between different ATSB configurations and densities. Each simulated scenario was run 50 times. RESULTS: Compared to the outcomes not altered by ATSB treatment in the control scenario, in resource-rich and resource-poor environments, respectively, the optimum ATSB treatment reduced female abundance by 98.22 and 91.80 %, reduced HBR by 99.52 and 98.15 %, and reduced EIR by 99.99 and 100 %. In resource-rich environments, n × n grid design, stations at sugar sources, resting sites, larval habitats, and random locations worked better in reducing vector population and HBRs than other configurations (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference of EIR reductions between all ATSB configurations (P > 0.05). In resource-poor environments, there was no significant difference of female abundances, HBRs and EIRs between all ATSB configurations (P > 0.05). The optimum number of ATSB stations was about 25 for resource-rich environments and nine for resource-poor environments. CONCLUSIONS: ATSB treatment reduced An. gambiae population substantially and reduced EIR to near zero regardless of environmental resource availability. In resource-rich environments, dispersive configurations worked better in reducing vector population, and stations at or around houses worked better in preventing biting and parasite transmission. In resource-poor environments, all configurations worked similarly. Optimum numbers of bait stations should be adjusted according to seasonality when resource availability changes. BioMed Central 2015-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4672472/ /pubmed/26643110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-1012-9 Text en © Zhu et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Zhu, Lin Marshall, John M. Qualls, Whitney A. Schlein, Yosef McManus, John W. Arheart, Kris L. Hlaing, WayWay M. Traore, Sekou F. Doumbia, Seydou Müller, Günter C. Beier, John C. Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa |
title | Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa |
title_full | Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa |
title_fullStr | Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa |
title_short | Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa |
title_sort | modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in africa |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672472/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26643110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-1012-9 |
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