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Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus causes subclinical mastitis as well as persistent and chronic infections in cattle. Bovine mastitis induced by S. aureus is often refractory to antibiotic treatment. Local innate immune defenses play an important role in eliminating the invading bacteria. TLR2 and N...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672474/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990971 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-015-0116-0 |
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author | Wang, Heng Yu, Guangtao Yu, Hui Gu, Mingjie Zhang, Jun Meng, Xia Liu, Zongping Qiu, Changwei Li, Jianji |
author_facet | Wang, Heng Yu, Guangtao Yu, Hui Gu, Mingjie Zhang, Jun Meng, Xia Liu, Zongping Qiu, Changwei Li, Jianji |
author_sort | Wang, Heng |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus causes subclinical mastitis as well as persistent and chronic infections in cattle. Bovine mastitis induced by S. aureus is often refractory to antibiotic treatment. Local innate immune defenses play an important role in eliminating the invading bacteria. TLR2 and NOD2 are important pathogen recognition receptors, but their functions have not been investigated in the context of early stages of mastitis. The present study examined TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infection induced by S. aureus at early stages in a rat mastitis model. FINDINGS: All inoculated mammary glands developed mastitis. Acute changes were induced in mammary tissues infected with S. aureus at early stages and then chronic infections persisted until the end of the experiment. TLR2 and NOD2 mRNA expression increased significantly after inoculation with S. aureus. The expression levels of cytokine mRNAs, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL1, also increased. TGF-β1 expression was suppressed at early phase and IFN-γ mRNA expression increased significantly at a later stage. CONCLUSIONS: Mammary innate immune responses were activated after S. aureus inoculation. TLR2, NOD2, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, IL-10, TGF-β1, and IFN-γ) are involved in the response to mastitis induced by S. aureus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0116-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4672474 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46724742015-12-09 Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model Wang, Heng Yu, Guangtao Yu, Hui Gu, Mingjie Zhang, Jun Meng, Xia Liu, Zongping Qiu, Changwei Li, Jianji Acta Vet Scand Brief Communication BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus causes subclinical mastitis as well as persistent and chronic infections in cattle. Bovine mastitis induced by S. aureus is often refractory to antibiotic treatment. Local innate immune defenses play an important role in eliminating the invading bacteria. TLR2 and NOD2 are important pathogen recognition receptors, but their functions have not been investigated in the context of early stages of mastitis. The present study examined TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infection induced by S. aureus at early stages in a rat mastitis model. FINDINGS: All inoculated mammary glands developed mastitis. Acute changes were induced in mammary tissues infected with S. aureus at early stages and then chronic infections persisted until the end of the experiment. TLR2 and NOD2 mRNA expression increased significantly after inoculation with S. aureus. The expression levels of cytokine mRNAs, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL1, also increased. TGF-β1 expression was suppressed at early phase and IFN-γ mRNA expression increased significantly at a later stage. CONCLUSIONS: Mammary innate immune responses were activated after S. aureus inoculation. TLR2, NOD2, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, IL-10, TGF-β1, and IFN-γ) are involved in the response to mastitis induced by S. aureus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0116-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4672474/ /pubmed/25990971 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-015-0116-0 Text en © Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Brief Communication Wang, Heng Yu, Guangtao Yu, Hui Gu, Mingjie Zhang, Jun Meng, Xia Liu, Zongping Qiu, Changwei Li, Jianji Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
title | Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
title_full | Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
title_fullStr | Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
title_short | Characterization of TLR2, NOD2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
title_sort | characterization of tlr2, nod2, and related cytokines in mammary glands infected by staphylococcus aureus in a rat model |
topic | Brief Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672474/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990971 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-015-0116-0 |
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