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Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives
There is an increasing deliberation regarding hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and recent data have suggested that pituitary dysfunction is very common among survivors of patients having moderate-severe TBI which may evolve or resolve over time. Due to high prevalence of pituit...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693424 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.167561 |
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author | Javed, Zeeshan Qamar, Unaiza Sathyapalan, Thozhukat |
author_facet | Javed, Zeeshan Qamar, Unaiza Sathyapalan, Thozhukat |
author_sort | Javed, Zeeshan |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is an increasing deliberation regarding hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and recent data have suggested that pituitary dysfunction is very common among survivors of patients having moderate-severe TBI which may evolve or resolve over time. Due to high prevalence of pituitary dysfunction after moderate-severe TBI and its association with increased morbidity and poor recovery and the fact that it can be easily treated with hormone replacement, it has been suggested that early detection and treatment is necessary to prevent long-term neurological consequences. The cause of pituitary dysfunction after TBI is still not well understood, but evidence suggests few possible primary and secondary causes. Results of recent studies focusing on the incidence of hypopituitarism in the acute and chronic phases after TBI are varied in terms of severity and time of occurrence. Although the literature available does not show consistent values and there is difference in study parameters and diagnostic tests used, it is clear that pituitary dysfunction is very common after moderate to severe TBI and patients should be carefully monitored. The exact timing of development cannot be predicted but has suggested regular assessment of pituitary function up to 1 year after TBI. In this narrative review, we aim to explore the current evidence available regarding the incidence of pituitary dysfunction in acute and chronic phase post-TBI and recommendations for screening and follow-up in these patients. We will also focus light over areas in this field worthy of further investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4673802 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46738022015-12-21 Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives Javed, Zeeshan Qamar, Unaiza Sathyapalan, Thozhukat Indian J Endocrinol Metab Review Article There is an increasing deliberation regarding hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and recent data have suggested that pituitary dysfunction is very common among survivors of patients having moderate-severe TBI which may evolve or resolve over time. Due to high prevalence of pituitary dysfunction after moderate-severe TBI and its association with increased morbidity and poor recovery and the fact that it can be easily treated with hormone replacement, it has been suggested that early detection and treatment is necessary to prevent long-term neurological consequences. The cause of pituitary dysfunction after TBI is still not well understood, but evidence suggests few possible primary and secondary causes. Results of recent studies focusing on the incidence of hypopituitarism in the acute and chronic phases after TBI are varied in terms of severity and time of occurrence. Although the literature available does not show consistent values and there is difference in study parameters and diagnostic tests used, it is clear that pituitary dysfunction is very common after moderate to severe TBI and patients should be carefully monitored. The exact timing of development cannot be predicted but has suggested regular assessment of pituitary function up to 1 year after TBI. In this narrative review, we aim to explore the current evidence available regarding the incidence of pituitary dysfunction in acute and chronic phase post-TBI and recommendations for screening and follow-up in these patients. We will also focus light over areas in this field worthy of further investigation. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4673802/ /pubmed/26693424 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.167561 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Javed, Zeeshan Qamar, Unaiza Sathyapalan, Thozhukat Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives |
title | Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives |
title_full | Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives |
title_fullStr | Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives |
title_short | Pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Current perspectives |
title_sort | pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: current perspectives |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693424 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.167561 |
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