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Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness

BACKGROUND: The term catatonia was first introduced in 1874 and several etiologies, both organic and psychiatric have been attributed to the clinical phenotype of catatonia. The interesting feature is their response to lorazepam irrespective of their etiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients adm...

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Autores principales: Chandra, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami, Issac, Thomas Gregor, Shivaram, Sumanth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26702173
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.168582
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author Chandra, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami
Issac, Thomas Gregor
Shivaram, Sumanth
author_facet Chandra, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami
Issac, Thomas Gregor
Shivaram, Sumanth
author_sort Chandra, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The term catatonia was first introduced in 1874 and several etiologies, both organic and psychiatric have been attributed to the clinical phenotype of catatonia. The interesting feature is their response to lorazepam irrespective of their etiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients admitted with verbal and motor unresponsiveness following febrile illness were evaluated for infective and metabolic causes. Those who qualified for catatonia as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument screening tool and rating scale were evaluated in detail and reported. Observations: Catatonia occurs in clusters, females are more affected than males. Electroencephalogram can be abnormal based on the precipitating symptom. Minor changes in serum total iron and transferrin saturation and nonspecific elevation of viral antibody titers are seen in some patients. Lorazepam challenge always gives the diagnosis. RESULT: All patients where females and had preceeding systemic or CNS infection. Three out of the Four patients where independent at the end of one month. CONCLUSION: Catatonia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all children with verbal and motor unresponsiveness, which have no other explanation. Early initiation of treatment is very rewarding at least during short term follow-up.
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spelling pubmed-46762072015-12-23 Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness Chandra, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami Issac, Thomas Gregor Shivaram, Sumanth Indian J Psychol Med Original Article BACKGROUND: The term catatonia was first introduced in 1874 and several etiologies, both organic and psychiatric have been attributed to the clinical phenotype of catatonia. The interesting feature is their response to lorazepam irrespective of their etiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients admitted with verbal and motor unresponsiveness following febrile illness were evaluated for infective and metabolic causes. Those who qualified for catatonia as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument screening tool and rating scale were evaluated in detail and reported. Observations: Catatonia occurs in clusters, females are more affected than males. Electroencephalogram can be abnormal based on the precipitating symptom. Minor changes in serum total iron and transferrin saturation and nonspecific elevation of viral antibody titers are seen in some patients. Lorazepam challenge always gives the diagnosis. RESULT: All patients where females and had preceeding systemic or CNS infection. Three out of the Four patients where independent at the end of one month. CONCLUSION: Catatonia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all children with verbal and motor unresponsiveness, which have no other explanation. Early initiation of treatment is very rewarding at least during short term follow-up. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4676207/ /pubmed/26702173 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.168582 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Chandra, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami
Issac, Thomas Gregor
Shivaram, Sumanth
Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness
title Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness
title_full Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness
title_fullStr Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness
title_full_unstemmed Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness
title_short Catatonia in Children Following Systemic Illness
title_sort catatonia in children following systemic illness
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26702173
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.168582
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