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‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

BACKGROUND: The phenomena of co-incidence of transfusion-induced allo- and autoantibodies, blockage and/or loss of red blood cell (RBC) antigens are conspicuous and may result in confusion and misdiagnosis. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old female was transferred to the intensive care unit due to hemolysis...

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Autores principales: Sümnig, Ariane, Mayer, Beate, Kiefel, Volker, Greinacher, Andreas, Salama, Abdulgabar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: S. Karger AG 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26696804
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437198
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author Sümnig, Ariane
Mayer, Beate
Kiefel, Volker
Greinacher, Andreas
Salama, Abdulgabar
author_facet Sümnig, Ariane
Mayer, Beate
Kiefel, Volker
Greinacher, Andreas
Salama, Abdulgabar
author_sort Sümnig, Ariane
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The phenomena of co-incidence of transfusion-induced allo- and autoantibodies, blockage and/or loss of red blood cell (RBC) antigens are conspicuous and may result in confusion and misdiagnosis. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old female was transferred to the intensive care unit due to hemolysis which developed 2 days following transfusion of three Rh(D)-negative RBC units in the presence of strongly reactive autoantibodies. Standard serological testing and genotyping were performed. Upon arrival, the patient was typed as Ccddee. Her hemolysis was decompensated, and an immediate blood transfusion was required. In addition, direct and indirect antiglobulin tests (DAT and IAT) as well as the eluate were strongly positive. Emergency transfusion of Rh(D)-negative RBCs resulted in increased hemolysis and renal failure. An exhaustive testing revealed anti-D, anti-c, CCddee phenotype and CCD.ee genotype. Three units of cryopreserved CCddee RBCs were transfused, and the patient's condition immediately improved. The discrepancy between Rh-D phenotyping and genotyping was likely caused by masking of the D-epitopes by the autoantibodies. In fact, further enquiry revealed that the patient had been phenotyped as Rh(D)-positive 6 months ago and had been transfused at that time following hip surgery. CONCLUSION: The phenomena of transfusion-induced autoantibodies, masked alloantibodies, antigen blockage and/or loss are rare but important features which should be considered in patients presenting with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and/or hemolytic transfusion reactions.
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spelling pubmed-46783172015-12-22 ‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Sümnig, Ariane Mayer, Beate Kiefel, Volker Greinacher, Andreas Salama, Abdulgabar Transfus Med Hemother Case Report BACKGROUND: The phenomena of co-incidence of transfusion-induced allo- and autoantibodies, blockage and/or loss of red blood cell (RBC) antigens are conspicuous and may result in confusion and misdiagnosis. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old female was transferred to the intensive care unit due to hemolysis which developed 2 days following transfusion of three Rh(D)-negative RBC units in the presence of strongly reactive autoantibodies. Standard serological testing and genotyping were performed. Upon arrival, the patient was typed as Ccddee. Her hemolysis was decompensated, and an immediate blood transfusion was required. In addition, direct and indirect antiglobulin tests (DAT and IAT) as well as the eluate were strongly positive. Emergency transfusion of Rh(D)-negative RBCs resulted in increased hemolysis and renal failure. An exhaustive testing revealed anti-D, anti-c, CCddee phenotype and CCD.ee genotype. Three units of cryopreserved CCddee RBCs were transfused, and the patient's condition immediately improved. The discrepancy between Rh-D phenotyping and genotyping was likely caused by masking of the D-epitopes by the autoantibodies. In fact, further enquiry revealed that the patient had been phenotyped as Rh(D)-positive 6 months ago and had been transfused at that time following hip surgery. CONCLUSION: The phenomena of transfusion-induced autoantibodies, masked alloantibodies, antigen blockage and/or loss are rare but important features which should be considered in patients presenting with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and/or hemolytic transfusion reactions. S. Karger AG 2015-09 2015-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4678317/ /pubmed/26696804 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437198 Text en Copyright © 2015 by S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg http://www.karger.com/Authors_Choice This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Karger's Author's Choice™ licensing agreement, adapted from the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 2.5 license. This license allows authors to re-use their articles for educational and research purposes as long as the author and the journal are fully acknowledged.
spellingShingle Case Report
Sümnig, Ariane
Mayer, Beate
Kiefel, Volker
Greinacher, Andreas
Salama, Abdulgabar
‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
title ‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
title_full ‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
title_fullStr ‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
title_full_unstemmed ‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
title_short ‘Chameleonic’ Serological Findings Leading to Life-Threatening Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
title_sort ‘chameleonic’ serological findings leading to life-threatening hemolytic transfusion reactions
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26696804
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437198
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