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The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development
TLRs (Toll-like receptors) play an important role in the initiation of innate immune responses against invading microorganisms. Although several TLRs have been reported to be involved in the innate immune response against the blood-stage of malaria parasites, the role of TLRs in the development of t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18239 |
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author | Zheng, Hong Tan, Zhangping Zhou, TaoLi Zhu, Feng Ding, Yan Liu, Taiping Wu, Yuzhang Xu, Wenyue |
author_facet | Zheng, Hong Tan, Zhangping Zhou, TaoLi Zhu, Feng Ding, Yan Liu, Taiping Wu, Yuzhang Xu, Wenyue |
author_sort | Zheng, Hong |
collection | PubMed |
description | TLRs (Toll-like receptors) play an important role in the initiation of innate immune responses against invading microorganisms. Although several TLRs have been reported to be involved in the innate immune response against the blood-stage of malaria parasites, the role of TLRs in the development of the pre-erythrocytic stage is still largely unknown. Here, we found that sporozoite and its lysate could significantly activate the TLR2, and induce macrophages to release proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, in a TLR2-dependent manner. Further studies showed that sporozoite and its lysate could be recognized by either TLR2 homodimers or TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 heterodimers, implicating the complexity of TLR2 agonist in sporozoite. Interestingly, the TLR2 signaling can significantly suppress the development of the pre-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium yoelii, as both liver parasite load and subsequent parasitemia were significantly elevated in both TLR2- and MyD88-deficient mice. Additionally, the observed higher level of parasite burden in TLR2(−/−) mice was found to be closely associated with a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. Therefore, we provide the first evidence that sporozoites can activate the TLR2 signaling, which in turn significantly inhibits the intrahepatic parasites. This may provide us with novel clues to design preventive anti-malaria therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4678895 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46788952015-12-18 The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development Zheng, Hong Tan, Zhangping Zhou, TaoLi Zhu, Feng Ding, Yan Liu, Taiping Wu, Yuzhang Xu, Wenyue Sci Rep Article TLRs (Toll-like receptors) play an important role in the initiation of innate immune responses against invading microorganisms. Although several TLRs have been reported to be involved in the innate immune response against the blood-stage of malaria parasites, the role of TLRs in the development of the pre-erythrocytic stage is still largely unknown. Here, we found that sporozoite and its lysate could significantly activate the TLR2, and induce macrophages to release proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, in a TLR2-dependent manner. Further studies showed that sporozoite and its lysate could be recognized by either TLR2 homodimers or TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 heterodimers, implicating the complexity of TLR2 agonist in sporozoite. Interestingly, the TLR2 signaling can significantly suppress the development of the pre-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium yoelii, as both liver parasite load and subsequent parasitemia were significantly elevated in both TLR2- and MyD88-deficient mice. Additionally, the observed higher level of parasite burden in TLR2(−/−) mice was found to be closely associated with a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. Therefore, we provide the first evidence that sporozoites can activate the TLR2 signaling, which in turn significantly inhibits the intrahepatic parasites. This may provide us with novel clues to design preventive anti-malaria therapies. Nature Publishing Group 2015-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4678895/ /pubmed/26667391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18239 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Zheng, Hong Tan, Zhangping Zhou, TaoLi Zhu, Feng Ding, Yan Liu, Taiping Wu, Yuzhang Xu, Wenyue The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
title | The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
title_full | The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
title_fullStr | The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
title_full_unstemmed | The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
title_short | The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
title_sort | tlr2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18239 |
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