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Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Individuals with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)/HIV-1 coinfection have been demonstrated to undergo CD4+ lymphocytosis even in the face of immunodeficiency and increased vulnerability to opportunistic pathogens that can lead to poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This study inve...

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Autores principales: Nasir, Idris Abdullahi, Ahmad, Abdurrahman Elfulaty, Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna, Shehu, Muhammad Sagir, Medugu, Jessy Thomas, Babayo, Adamu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Libertas Academica 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26688662
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/VRT.S35331
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author Nasir, Idris Abdullahi
Ahmad, Abdurrahman Elfulaty
Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna
Shehu, Muhammad Sagir
Medugu, Jessy Thomas
Babayo, Adamu
author_facet Nasir, Idris Abdullahi
Ahmad, Abdurrahman Elfulaty
Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna
Shehu, Muhammad Sagir
Medugu, Jessy Thomas
Babayo, Adamu
author_sort Nasir, Idris Abdullahi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Individuals with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)/HIV-1 coinfection have been demonstrated to undergo CD4+ lymphocytosis even in the face of immunodeficiency and increased vulnerability to opportunistic pathogens that can lead to poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence as well as the effects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection on CD4+ cell counts, routine hematology, and biochemical parameters of study participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 184 blood samples collected from HIV-1-seropositive individuals attending HIV-special clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. These samples were analyzed for anti-HTLV-1/2 IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CD4+ cell counts, and some routine hematological and biochemical parameters. All samples were also tested for HTLV-1 provirus DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS: Of the 184 subjects studied, 9 (4.9%) were anti-HTLV-1/2 IgM seropositive; however, upon real-time PCR testing, 12 (6.5%) had detectable HTLV-1 provirus DNA. The CD4+ cell count was significantly high in HTLV-1-positive (742 ± 40.2) subjects compared to their HTLV-1-negative (380 ± 28.5) counterpart (P-value = 0.025). However, there was no significant association between HTLV-1 positivity with other hematology and biochemical parameters studied (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: All subjects (100%) who were HTLV-1/HIV-1-coinfected had normal CD4+ counts. This gives contrasting finding on the true extent of immunodeficiency of subjects. So it is suggested to be very careful in using only CD4+ counts to monitor disease progression and as indicators for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. In such conditions, there may be a need to test for HTLV-1 alongside HIV viral loads in order to begin appropriate ART regimens that contain both pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-46789972015-12-19 Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria Nasir, Idris Abdullahi Ahmad, Abdurrahman Elfulaty Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna Shehu, Muhammad Sagir Medugu, Jessy Thomas Babayo, Adamu Virology (Auckl) Original Research BACKGROUND: Individuals with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)/HIV-1 coinfection have been demonstrated to undergo CD4+ lymphocytosis even in the face of immunodeficiency and increased vulnerability to opportunistic pathogens that can lead to poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence as well as the effects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection on CD4+ cell counts, routine hematology, and biochemical parameters of study participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 184 blood samples collected from HIV-1-seropositive individuals attending HIV-special clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. These samples were analyzed for anti-HTLV-1/2 IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CD4+ cell counts, and some routine hematological and biochemical parameters. All samples were also tested for HTLV-1 provirus DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS: Of the 184 subjects studied, 9 (4.9%) were anti-HTLV-1/2 IgM seropositive; however, upon real-time PCR testing, 12 (6.5%) had detectable HTLV-1 provirus DNA. The CD4+ cell count was significantly high in HTLV-1-positive (742 ± 40.2) subjects compared to their HTLV-1-negative (380 ± 28.5) counterpart (P-value = 0.025). However, there was no significant association between HTLV-1 positivity with other hematology and biochemical parameters studied (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: All subjects (100%) who were HTLV-1/HIV-1-coinfected had normal CD4+ counts. This gives contrasting finding on the true extent of immunodeficiency of subjects. So it is suggested to be very careful in using only CD4+ counts to monitor disease progression and as indicators for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. In such conditions, there may be a need to test for HTLV-1 alongside HIV viral loads in order to begin appropriate ART regimens that contain both pathogens. Libertas Academica 2015-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4678997/ /pubmed/26688662 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/VRT.S35331 Text en © 2015 the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd. This is an open access article published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 license.
spellingShingle Original Research
Nasir, Idris Abdullahi
Ahmad, Abdurrahman Elfulaty
Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna
Shehu, Muhammad Sagir
Medugu, Jessy Thomas
Babayo, Adamu
Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria
title Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria
title_full Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria
title_fullStr Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria
title_short Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria
title_sort molecular detection and clinical implications of htlv-1 infections among antiretroviral therapy-naïve hiv-1-infected individuals in abuja, nigeria
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26688662
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/VRT.S35331
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