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Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses
Warming of the North Atlantic Ocean from the 1950s to 2012 is analyzed on neutral density surfaces and vertical levels in the upper 2000 m. Three reanalyses and two observational data sets are compared. The net gain of 5 × 10(22) J in the upper 2000 m is roughly 30% of the global ocean warming over...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26709321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063299 |
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author | Häkkinen, Sirpa Rhines, Peter B Worthen, Denise L |
author_facet | Häkkinen, Sirpa Rhines, Peter B Worthen, Denise L |
author_sort | Häkkinen, Sirpa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Warming of the North Atlantic Ocean from the 1950s to 2012 is analyzed on neutral density surfaces and vertical levels in the upper 2000 m. Three reanalyses and two observational data sets are compared. The net gain of 5 × 10(22) J in the upper 2000 m is roughly 30% of the global ocean warming over this period. Upper ocean heat content (OHC) is dominated in most regions by heat transport convergence without widespread changes in the potential temperature/salinity relation. The heat convergence is associated with sinking of midthermocline isopycnals, with maximum sinking occurring at potential densities σ(0) = 26.4−27.3, which contain subtropical mode waters. Water masses lighter than σ(0) = 27.3 accumulate heat by increasing their volume, while heavier waters lose heat by decreasing their volume. Spatially, the OHC trend is nonuniform: the low latitudes, 0–30°N are warming steadily while large multidecadal variability occurs at latitudes 30–65°N. KEY POINTS: Heat content change dominated by heat transport convergence . Due to widespread sinking trend of midthermocline isopycnals over 50+ years ; |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4681455 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46814552015-12-23 Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses Häkkinen, Sirpa Rhines, Peter B Worthen, Denise L Geophys Res Lett Research Letters Warming of the North Atlantic Ocean from the 1950s to 2012 is analyzed on neutral density surfaces and vertical levels in the upper 2000 m. Three reanalyses and two observational data sets are compared. The net gain of 5 × 10(22) J in the upper 2000 m is roughly 30% of the global ocean warming over this period. Upper ocean heat content (OHC) is dominated in most regions by heat transport convergence without widespread changes in the potential temperature/salinity relation. The heat convergence is associated with sinking of midthermocline isopycnals, with maximum sinking occurring at potential densities σ(0) = 26.4−27.3, which contain subtropical mode waters. Water masses lighter than σ(0) = 27.3 accumulate heat by increasing their volume, while heavier waters lose heat by decreasing their volume. Spatially, the OHC trend is nonuniform: the low latitudes, 0–30°N are warming steadily while large multidecadal variability occurs at latitudes 30–65°N. KEY POINTS: Heat content change dominated by heat transport convergence . Due to widespread sinking trend of midthermocline isopycnals over 50+ years ; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2015-04-28 2015-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4681455/ /pubmed/26709321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063299 Text en ©2015. The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Research Letters Häkkinen, Sirpa Rhines, Peter B Worthen, Denise L Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses |
title | Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses |
title_full | Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses |
title_fullStr | Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses |
title_full_unstemmed | Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses |
title_short | Heat content variability in the North Atlantic Ocean in ocean reanalyses |
title_sort | heat content variability in the north atlantic ocean in ocean reanalyses |
topic | Research Letters |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26709321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063299 |
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