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Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats
BACKGROUND: Herbal supplements are widely used in the treatment of various liver disases, but some of them may also induce liver injuries. Regarding the infuence of thyme and its constituents on the liver, conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4683745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0966-z |
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author | Rašković, Aleksandar Pavlović, Nebojša Kvrgić, Maja Sudji, Jan Mitić, Gorana Čapo, Ivan Mikov, Momir |
author_facet | Rašković, Aleksandar Pavlović, Nebojša Kvrgić, Maja Sudji, Jan Mitić, Gorana Čapo, Ivan Mikov, Momir |
author_sort | Rašković, Aleksandar |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Herbal supplements are widely used in the treatment of various liver disases, but some of them may also induce liver injuries. Regarding the infuence of thyme and its constituents on the liver, conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of two commonly used pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), tincture and syrup, on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. METHODS: Chemical composition of investigated formulations of thyme was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Activities of enzyme markers of hepatocellular damage in serum and antioxidant enzymes in the liver homogenates were measured using the kinetic spectrophotometric methods. Liver morphology was characterized by light microscopy using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Thymol was found to be predominant active constituent in both tincture and syrup. Investigated thyme preparations exerted antioxidant effects in liver by preventing carbon tetrachloride-induced increase of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, co-treatment with thyme preparations reversed the activities of oxidative stress-related enzymes xanthine oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, towards normal values in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride was reflected by a marked elevation of AST and ALT activities, and histopathologic alterations. Co-administration of thyme tincture resulted in unexpected exacerbation of AST and ALT values in serum, while thyme syrup managed to reduce activites of aminotransferases, in comparison to carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite demonstrated antioxidant activity, mediated through both direct free radical scavenging and activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms, thyme preparations could not ameliorate liver injury in rats. Molecular mechanisms of diverse effects of thyme preparations on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity should be more in-depth investigated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4683745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46837452015-12-19 Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats Rašković, Aleksandar Pavlović, Nebojša Kvrgić, Maja Sudji, Jan Mitić, Gorana Čapo, Ivan Mikov, Momir BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Herbal supplements are widely used in the treatment of various liver disases, but some of them may also induce liver injuries. Regarding the infuence of thyme and its constituents on the liver, conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of two commonly used pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), tincture and syrup, on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. METHODS: Chemical composition of investigated formulations of thyme was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Activities of enzyme markers of hepatocellular damage in serum and antioxidant enzymes in the liver homogenates were measured using the kinetic spectrophotometric methods. Liver morphology was characterized by light microscopy using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Thymol was found to be predominant active constituent in both tincture and syrup. Investigated thyme preparations exerted antioxidant effects in liver by preventing carbon tetrachloride-induced increase of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, co-treatment with thyme preparations reversed the activities of oxidative stress-related enzymes xanthine oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, towards normal values in the liver. Hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride was reflected by a marked elevation of AST and ALT activities, and histopathologic alterations. Co-administration of thyme tincture resulted in unexpected exacerbation of AST and ALT values in serum, while thyme syrup managed to reduce activites of aminotransferases, in comparison to carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite demonstrated antioxidant activity, mediated through both direct free radical scavenging and activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms, thyme preparations could not ameliorate liver injury in rats. Molecular mechanisms of diverse effects of thyme preparations on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity should be more in-depth investigated. BioMed Central 2015-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4683745/ /pubmed/26683486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0966-z Text en © Rašković et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rašković, Aleksandar Pavlović, Nebojša Kvrgić, Maja Sudji, Jan Mitić, Gorana Čapo, Ivan Mikov, Momir Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
title | Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
title_full | Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
title_fullStr | Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
title_short | Effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
title_sort | effects of pharmaceutical formulations containing thyme on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4683745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0966-z |
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