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Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard
Bisphenol F (BPF) was found in mustard up to a concentration of around 8 mg kg(−1). Contamination of the raw products or caused by the packaging could be ruled out. Also, the fact that only the 4,4ʹ-isomer of BPF was detected spoke against contamination from epoxy resin or other sources where techni...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1110623 |
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author | Zoller, Otmar Brüschweiler, Beat J. Magnin, Roxane Reinhard, Hans Rhyn, Peter Rupp, Heinz Zeltner, Silvia Felleisen, Richard |
author_facet | Zoller, Otmar Brüschweiler, Beat J. Magnin, Roxane Reinhard, Hans Rhyn, Peter Rupp, Heinz Zeltner, Silvia Felleisen, Richard |
author_sort | Zoller, Otmar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bisphenol F (BPF) was found in mustard up to a concentration of around 8 mg kg(−1). Contamination of the raw products or caused by the packaging could be ruled out. Also, the fact that only the 4,4ʹ-isomer of BPF was detected spoke against contamination from epoxy resin or other sources where technical BPF is used. Only mild mustard made of the seeds of Sinapis alba contained BPF. In all probability BPF is a reaction product from the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucosinalbin with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as an important intermediate. Hot mustard made only from brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) or black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) contained no BPF. BPF is structurally very similar to bisphenol A and has a similar weak estrogenic activity. The consumption of a portion of 20 g of mustard can lead to an intake of 100–200 µg of BPF. According to a preliminary risk assessment, the risk of BPF in mustard for the health of consumers is considered to be low, but available toxicological data are insufficient for a conclusive evaluation. It is a new and surprising finding that BPF is a natural food ingredient and that this is the main uptake route. This insight sheds new light on the risk linked to the family of bisphenols. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4685613 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46856132016-01-04 Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard Zoller, Otmar Brüschweiler, Beat J. Magnin, Roxane Reinhard, Hans Rhyn, Peter Rupp, Heinz Zeltner, Silvia Felleisen, Richard Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess Original Articles Bisphenol F (BPF) was found in mustard up to a concentration of around 8 mg kg(−1). Contamination of the raw products or caused by the packaging could be ruled out. Also, the fact that only the 4,4ʹ-isomer of BPF was detected spoke against contamination from epoxy resin or other sources where technical BPF is used. Only mild mustard made of the seeds of Sinapis alba contained BPF. In all probability BPF is a reaction product from the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucosinalbin with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as an important intermediate. Hot mustard made only from brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) or black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) contained no BPF. BPF is structurally very similar to bisphenol A and has a similar weak estrogenic activity. The consumption of a portion of 20 g of mustard can lead to an intake of 100–200 µg of BPF. According to a preliminary risk assessment, the risk of BPF in mustard for the health of consumers is considered to be low, but available toxicological data are insufficient for a conclusive evaluation. It is a new and surprising finding that BPF is a natural food ingredient and that this is the main uptake route. This insight sheds new light on the risk linked to the family of bisphenols. Taylor & Francis 2016-01-02 2015-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4685613/ /pubmed/26555822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1110623 Text en © 2015 Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO. Published by Taylor & Francis. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Zoller, Otmar Brüschweiler, Beat J. Magnin, Roxane Reinhard, Hans Rhyn, Peter Rupp, Heinz Zeltner, Silvia Felleisen, Richard Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard |
title | Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard |
title_full | Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard |
title_fullStr | Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard |
title_full_unstemmed | Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard |
title_short | Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard |
title_sort | natural occurrence of bisphenol f in mustard |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1110623 |
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