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Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation
BACKGROUND: Steady-state visual evoked potentials have been utilized widely in basic and applied research in recent years. These oscillatory responses of the visual cortex are elicited by flickering stimuli. They have the same fundamental frequency as the driving stimulus and are highly sensitive to...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687115/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26690632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12868-015-0234-7 |
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author | Andersen, Søren K. Müller, Matthias M. |
author_facet | Andersen, Søren K. Müller, Matthias M. |
author_sort | Andersen, Søren K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Steady-state visual evoked potentials have been utilized widely in basic and applied research in recent years. These oscillatory responses of the visual cortex are elicited by flickering stimuli. They have the same fundamental frequency as the driving stimulus and are highly sensitive to manipulations of attention and stimulus properties. While standard computer monitors offer great flexibility in the choice of visual stimuli for driving SSVEPs, the frequencies that can be elicited are limited to integer divisors of the monitor’s refresh rate. RESULTS: To avoid this technical constraint, we devised an interpolation technique for stimulus presentation, with which SSVEPs can be elicited at arbitrary frequencies. We tested this technique with monitor refresh rates of 85 and 120 Hz. At a refresh rate of 85 Hz, interpolated presentation produced artifacts in the recorded spectrum in the form of additional peaks not located at the stimulated frequency or its harmonics. However, at a refresh rate of 120 Hz, these artifacts did not occur and the spectrum elicited by an interpolated flicker became indistinguishable from the spectrum obtained by non-interpolated presentation of the same frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Our interpolation technique eliminates frequency limitations of the common non-interpolated presentation technique and has many possible applications for future research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4687115 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46871152015-12-23 Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation Andersen, Søren K. Müller, Matthias M. BMC Neurosci Research Article BACKGROUND: Steady-state visual evoked potentials have been utilized widely in basic and applied research in recent years. These oscillatory responses of the visual cortex are elicited by flickering stimuli. They have the same fundamental frequency as the driving stimulus and are highly sensitive to manipulations of attention and stimulus properties. While standard computer monitors offer great flexibility in the choice of visual stimuli for driving SSVEPs, the frequencies that can be elicited are limited to integer divisors of the monitor’s refresh rate. RESULTS: To avoid this technical constraint, we devised an interpolation technique for stimulus presentation, with which SSVEPs can be elicited at arbitrary frequencies. We tested this technique with monitor refresh rates of 85 and 120 Hz. At a refresh rate of 85 Hz, interpolated presentation produced artifacts in the recorded spectrum in the form of additional peaks not located at the stimulated frequency or its harmonics. However, at a refresh rate of 120 Hz, these artifacts did not occur and the spectrum elicited by an interpolated flicker became indistinguishable from the spectrum obtained by non-interpolated presentation of the same frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Our interpolation technique eliminates frequency limitations of the common non-interpolated presentation technique and has many possible applications for future research. BioMed Central 2015-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4687115/ /pubmed/26690632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12868-015-0234-7 Text en © Andersen and Müller. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Andersen, Søren K. Müller, Matthias M. Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
title | Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
title_full | Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
title_fullStr | Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
title_full_unstemmed | Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
title_short | Driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
title_sort | driving steady-state visual evoked potentials at arbitrary frequencies using temporal interpolation of stimulus presentation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687115/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26690632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12868-015-0234-7 |
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