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Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises
BACKGROUND: Implementation of overhead activity, a key component of many professional sports, requires an effective and balanced activation of the shoulder girdle muscles, particularly during forceful external rotation (ER) motions. PURPOSE: To identify activation strategies of 16 shoulder girdle mu...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26740950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967115613988 |
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author | Alizadehkhaiyat, Omid Hawkes, David H. Kemp, Graham J. Frostick, Simon P. |
author_facet | Alizadehkhaiyat, Omid Hawkes, David H. Kemp, Graham J. Frostick, Simon P. |
author_sort | Alizadehkhaiyat, Omid |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Implementation of overhead activity, a key component of many professional sports, requires an effective and balanced activation of the shoulder girdle muscles, particularly during forceful external rotation (ER) motions. PURPOSE: To identify activation strategies of 16 shoulder girdle muscles/muscle segments during common shoulder ER exercises. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHOD: Thirty healthy subjects were included in this study, and 16 shoulder girdle muscles/muscle segments were investigated (surface electrode: anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid; upper, middle, and lower trapezius; serratus anterior; teres major; upper and lower latissimus dorsi; and upper and lower pectoralis major; fine wire electrodes: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and rhomboid major) using a telemetric electromyography (EMG) system. Five ER exercises (standing ER at 0° and 90° of abduction, with underarm towel roll, prone ER at 90° of abduction, side-lying ER with underarm towel) were studied. Exercise EMG amplitudes were normalized to EMG at maximum ER force in a standard position. Univariate analysis of variance and post hoc analysis applied on EMG activity of each muscle were used to assess the main effect of the exercise condition. RESULTS: Muscular activity differed significantly among the ER exercises (P < .05 to P < .001). The greatest activation for anterior and middle deltoid, supraspinatus, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior occurred during standing ER at 90° of abduction; for posterior deltoid, middle trapezius, and rhomboid during side-lying ER with underarm towel; for lower trapezius, upper and lower latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, and teres major during prone ER at 90° of abduction; and for the clavicular and sternal part of the pectoralis major during standing ER with underarm towel. CONCLUSION: Key glenohumeral and scapular muscles can be optimally activated during specific ER exercises, particularly in positions that stimulate athletic overhead motions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results enable sports medicine professionals to target specific muscles during shoulder rehabilitation protocols while minimizing the effect of others, providing a foundation for optimal evidence-based exercise prescription. They also provide information for tailored muscle training and injury prevention in overhead sports. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4687830 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46878302016-01-06 Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises Alizadehkhaiyat, Omid Hawkes, David H. Kemp, Graham J. Frostick, Simon P. Orthop J Sports Med 126 BACKGROUND: Implementation of overhead activity, a key component of many professional sports, requires an effective and balanced activation of the shoulder girdle muscles, particularly during forceful external rotation (ER) motions. PURPOSE: To identify activation strategies of 16 shoulder girdle muscles/muscle segments during common shoulder ER exercises. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHOD: Thirty healthy subjects were included in this study, and 16 shoulder girdle muscles/muscle segments were investigated (surface electrode: anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid; upper, middle, and lower trapezius; serratus anterior; teres major; upper and lower latissimus dorsi; and upper and lower pectoralis major; fine wire electrodes: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and rhomboid major) using a telemetric electromyography (EMG) system. Five ER exercises (standing ER at 0° and 90° of abduction, with underarm towel roll, prone ER at 90° of abduction, side-lying ER with underarm towel) were studied. Exercise EMG amplitudes were normalized to EMG at maximum ER force in a standard position. Univariate analysis of variance and post hoc analysis applied on EMG activity of each muscle were used to assess the main effect of the exercise condition. RESULTS: Muscular activity differed significantly among the ER exercises (P < .05 to P < .001). The greatest activation for anterior and middle deltoid, supraspinatus, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior occurred during standing ER at 90° of abduction; for posterior deltoid, middle trapezius, and rhomboid during side-lying ER with underarm towel; for lower trapezius, upper and lower latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, and teres major during prone ER at 90° of abduction; and for the clavicular and sternal part of the pectoralis major during standing ER with underarm towel. CONCLUSION: Key glenohumeral and scapular muscles can be optimally activated during specific ER exercises, particularly in positions that stimulate athletic overhead motions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results enable sports medicine professionals to target specific muscles during shoulder rehabilitation protocols while minimizing the effect of others, providing a foundation for optimal evidence-based exercise prescription. They also provide information for tailored muscle training and injury prevention in overhead sports. SAGE Publications 2015-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4687830/ /pubmed/26740950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967115613988 Text en © The Author(s) 2015 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | 126 Alizadehkhaiyat, Omid Hawkes, David H. Kemp, Graham J. Frostick, Simon P. Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises |
title | Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises |
title_full | Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises |
title_fullStr | Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises |
title_full_unstemmed | Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises |
title_short | Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises |
title_sort | electromyographic analysis of the shoulder girdle musculature during external rotation exercises |
topic | 126 |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26740950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967115613988 |
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