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Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation
In conversation, negative responses to invitations, requests, offers, and the like are more likely to occur with a delay–conversation analysts talk of them as dispreferred. Here we examine the contrastive cognitive load ‘yes’ and ‘no’ responses make, either when relatively fast (300 ms after questio...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26699335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145474 |
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author | Bögels, Sara Kendrick, Kobin H. Levinson, Stephen C. |
author_facet | Bögels, Sara Kendrick, Kobin H. Levinson, Stephen C. |
author_sort | Bögels, Sara |
collection | PubMed |
description | In conversation, negative responses to invitations, requests, offers, and the like are more likely to occur with a delay–conversation analysts talk of them as dispreferred. Here we examine the contrastive cognitive load ‘yes’ and ‘no’ responses make, either when relatively fast (300 ms after question offset) or delayed (1000 ms). Participants heard short dialogues contrasting in speed and valence of response while having their EEG recorded. We found that a fast ‘no’ evokes an N400-effect relative to a fast ‘yes’; however, this contrast disappeared in the delayed responses. 'No' responses, however, elicited a late frontal positivity both if they were fast and if they were delayed. We interpret these results as follows: a fast ‘no’ evoked an N400 because an immediate response is expected to be positive–this effect disappears as the response time lengthens because now in ordinary conversation the probability of a ‘no’ has increased. However, regardless of the latency of response, a ‘no’ response is associated with a late positivity, since a negative response is always dispreferred. Together these results show that negative responses to social actions exact a higher cognitive load, but especially when least expected, in immediate response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4689543 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46895432015-12-31 Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation Bögels, Sara Kendrick, Kobin H. Levinson, Stephen C. PLoS One Research Article In conversation, negative responses to invitations, requests, offers, and the like are more likely to occur with a delay–conversation analysts talk of them as dispreferred. Here we examine the contrastive cognitive load ‘yes’ and ‘no’ responses make, either when relatively fast (300 ms after question offset) or delayed (1000 ms). Participants heard short dialogues contrasting in speed and valence of response while having their EEG recorded. We found that a fast ‘no’ evokes an N400-effect relative to a fast ‘yes’; however, this contrast disappeared in the delayed responses. 'No' responses, however, elicited a late frontal positivity both if they were fast and if they were delayed. We interpret these results as follows: a fast ‘no’ evoked an N400 because an immediate response is expected to be positive–this effect disappears as the response time lengthens because now in ordinary conversation the probability of a ‘no’ has increased. However, regardless of the latency of response, a ‘no’ response is associated with a late positivity, since a negative response is always dispreferred. Together these results show that negative responses to social actions exact a higher cognitive load, but especially when least expected, in immediate response. Public Library of Science 2015-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4689543/ /pubmed/26699335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145474 Text en © 2015 Bögels et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bögels, Sara Kendrick, Kobin H. Levinson, Stephen C. Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation |
title | Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation |
title_full | Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation |
title_fullStr | Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation |
title_full_unstemmed | Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation |
title_short | Never Say No … How the Brain Interprets the Pregnant Pause in Conversation |
title_sort | never say no … how the brain interprets the pregnant pause in conversation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26699335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145474 |
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