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Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V
In this study, we evaluated the associations of smoking and alcohol intake, both independently and collectively, with sodium intake in Korean men. Subjects (6340 men) were from the fifth Korean National Health Examination Survey (2010–2012). Smoking-related factors included smoking status, urinary c...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4690937/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215001 |
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author | Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Kim, Jung Ae Lim, Ji-Ae |
author_facet | Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Kim, Jung Ae Lim, Ji-Ae |
author_sort | Choi, Kyung-Hwa |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, we evaluated the associations of smoking and alcohol intake, both independently and collectively, with sodium intake in Korean men. Subjects (6340 men) were from the fifth Korean National Health Examination Survey (2010–2012). Smoking-related factors included smoking status, urinary cotinine level, and pack-years of smoking. Food intake was assessed using a 24-h recall. The odds of excessive sodium intake were estimated using survey logistic regression analysis. The smoking rate was 44.1%. The geometric mean of the urinary cotinine level was 0.05 µg/mL, and the median (min–max) pack-years of smoking was 13.2 (0–180). When adjusted for related factors, the odds (95% confidence interval) of excessive sodium intake were 1.54 (1.00, 2.37), 1.55 (1.23, 1.94), 1.44 (1.07, 1.95), and 1.37 (1.11, 1.68) times higher in the group exposed to smoking and drinking than in the group that never smoked nor drank, the group that never smoked and drank <5 times per month, the group that did not currently smoke and never drank, and the group that did not currently smoke or drink <5 times per month, respectively. There was an interaction effect between smoking and alcohol intake (p-interaction = 0.02). The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to smoking and alcohol intake is associated with increased odds of excessive sodium intake. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4690937 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46909372016-01-06 Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Kim, Jung Ae Lim, Ji-Ae Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In this study, we evaluated the associations of smoking and alcohol intake, both independently and collectively, with sodium intake in Korean men. Subjects (6340 men) were from the fifth Korean National Health Examination Survey (2010–2012). Smoking-related factors included smoking status, urinary cotinine level, and pack-years of smoking. Food intake was assessed using a 24-h recall. The odds of excessive sodium intake were estimated using survey logistic regression analysis. The smoking rate was 44.1%. The geometric mean of the urinary cotinine level was 0.05 µg/mL, and the median (min–max) pack-years of smoking was 13.2 (0–180). When adjusted for related factors, the odds (95% confidence interval) of excessive sodium intake were 1.54 (1.00, 2.37), 1.55 (1.23, 1.94), 1.44 (1.07, 1.95), and 1.37 (1.11, 1.68) times higher in the group exposed to smoking and drinking than in the group that never smoked nor drank, the group that never smoked and drank <5 times per month, the group that did not currently smoke and never drank, and the group that did not currently smoke or drink <5 times per month, respectively. There was an interaction effect between smoking and alcohol intake (p-interaction = 0.02). The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to smoking and alcohol intake is associated with increased odds of excessive sodium intake. MDPI 2015-12-08 2015-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4690937/ /pubmed/26670236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215001 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Kim, Jung Ae Lim, Ji-Ae Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V |
title | Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V |
title_full | Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V |
title_fullStr | Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V |
title_short | Associations Between Excessive Sodium Intake and Smoking and Alcohol Intake Among Korean Men: KNHANES V |
title_sort | associations between excessive sodium intake and smoking and alcohol intake among korean men: knhanes v |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4690937/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215001 |
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