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Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Ascorbic acid is a key antioxidant of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Under brain activity, ascorbic acid is released from glial reservoirs to the synaptic cleft, where it is taken up by neurons. In neurons, ascorbic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during synaptic activity a...

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Autores principales: Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana, Acuña, Aníbal Ignacio, Beltrán, Felipe Andrés, Torres-Díaz, Leandro, Castro, Maite Aintzane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633354
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226095
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author Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana
Acuña, Aníbal Ignacio
Beltrán, Felipe Andrés
Torres-Díaz, Leandro
Castro, Maite Aintzane
author_facet Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana
Acuña, Aníbal Ignacio
Beltrán, Felipe Andrés
Torres-Díaz, Leandro
Castro, Maite Aintzane
author_sort Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana
collection PubMed
description Ascorbic acid is a key antioxidant of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Under brain activity, ascorbic acid is released from glial reservoirs to the synaptic cleft, where it is taken up by neurons. In neurons, ascorbic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism where it is then oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid and released into the extracellular space, where it can be recycled by astrocytes. Other intrinsic properties of ascorbic acid, beyond acting as an antioxidant, are important in its role as a key molecule of the CNS. Ascorbic acid can switch neuronal metabolism from glucose consumption to uptake and use of lactate as a metabolic substrate to sustain synaptic activity. Multiple evidence links oxidative stress with neurodegeneration, positioning redox imbalance and ROS as a cause of neurodegeneration. In this review, we focus on ascorbic acid homeostasis, its functions, how it is used by neurons and recycled to ensure antioxidant supply during synaptic activity and how this antioxidant is dysregulated in neurodegenerative disorders.
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spelling pubmed-46910422016-01-06 Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana Acuña, Aníbal Ignacio Beltrán, Felipe Andrés Torres-Díaz, Leandro Castro, Maite Aintzane Int J Mol Sci Review Ascorbic acid is a key antioxidant of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Under brain activity, ascorbic acid is released from glial reservoirs to the synaptic cleft, where it is taken up by neurons. In neurons, ascorbic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism where it is then oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid and released into the extracellular space, where it can be recycled by astrocytes. Other intrinsic properties of ascorbic acid, beyond acting as an antioxidant, are important in its role as a key molecule of the CNS. Ascorbic acid can switch neuronal metabolism from glucose consumption to uptake and use of lactate as a metabolic substrate to sustain synaptic activity. Multiple evidence links oxidative stress with neurodegeneration, positioning redox imbalance and ROS as a cause of neurodegeneration. In this review, we focus on ascorbic acid homeostasis, its functions, how it is used by neurons and recycled to ensure antioxidant supply during synaptic activity and how this antioxidant is dysregulated in neurodegenerative disorders. MDPI 2015-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4691042/ /pubmed/26633354 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226095 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana
Acuña, Aníbal Ignacio
Beltrán, Felipe Andrés
Torres-Díaz, Leandro
Castro, Maite Aintzane
Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders
title Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_full Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_fullStr Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_short Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_sort old things new view: ascorbic acid protects the brain in neurodegenerative disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633354
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226095
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