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Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, a family of Fe(2+)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, are involved in DNA demethylation. They also help regulate various cellular functions. Three TET paralogs have been identified (TET1, TET2, and TET3) in humans. This study focuses on the evolution...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226110 |
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author | Akahori, Hiromichi Guindon, Stéphane Yoshizaki, Sumio Muto, Yoshinori |
author_facet | Akahori, Hiromichi Guindon, Stéphane Yoshizaki, Sumio Muto, Yoshinori |
author_sort | Akahori, Hiromichi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, a family of Fe(2+)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, are involved in DNA demethylation. They also help regulate various cellular functions. Three TET paralogs have been identified (TET1, TET2, and TET3) in humans. This study focuses on the evolution of mammalian TET genes. Distinct patterns in TET1 and TET2 vs. TET3 were revealed by codon-based tests of positive selection. Results indicate that TET1 and TET2 genes have experienced positive selection more frequently than TET3 gene, and that the majority of codon sites evolved under strong negative selection. These findings imply that the selective pressure on TET3 may have been relaxed in several lineages during the course of evolution. Our analysis of convergent amino acid substitutions also supports the different evolutionary dynamics among TET gene subfamily members. All of the five amino acid sites that are inferred to have evolved under positive selection in the catalytic domain of TET2 are localized at the protein’s outer surface. The adaptive changes of these positively selected amino acid sites could be associated with dynamic interactions between other TET-interacting proteins, and positive selection thus appears to shift the regulatory scheme of TET enzyme function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4691057 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46910572016-01-06 Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals Akahori, Hiromichi Guindon, Stéphane Yoshizaki, Sumio Muto, Yoshinori Int J Mol Sci Article Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, a family of Fe(2+)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, are involved in DNA demethylation. They also help regulate various cellular functions. Three TET paralogs have been identified (TET1, TET2, and TET3) in humans. This study focuses on the evolution of mammalian TET genes. Distinct patterns in TET1 and TET2 vs. TET3 were revealed by codon-based tests of positive selection. Results indicate that TET1 and TET2 genes have experienced positive selection more frequently than TET3 gene, and that the majority of codon sites evolved under strong negative selection. These findings imply that the selective pressure on TET3 may have been relaxed in several lineages during the course of evolution. Our analysis of convergent amino acid substitutions also supports the different evolutionary dynamics among TET gene subfamily members. All of the five amino acid sites that are inferred to have evolved under positive selection in the catalytic domain of TET2 are localized at the protein’s outer surface. The adaptive changes of these positively selected amino acid sites could be associated with dynamic interactions between other TET-interacting proteins, and positive selection thus appears to shift the regulatory scheme of TET enzyme function. MDPI 2015-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4691057/ /pubmed/26633372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226110 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Akahori, Hiromichi Guindon, Stéphane Yoshizaki, Sumio Muto, Yoshinori Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals |
title | Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals |
title_full | Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals |
title_fullStr | Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals |
title_short | Molecular Evolution of the TET Gene Family in Mammals |
title_sort | molecular evolution of the tet gene family in mammals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226110 |
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