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Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge

Blood vessels are essential organs that are involved in the supply of nutrients and oxygen and play an important role in regulating the body’s internal environment, including pH, body temperature, and water homeostasis. Many studies have examined the formation of networks of endothelial cells. The r...

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Autor principal: Arai, Shunto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691096/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26690133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226149
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author Arai, Shunto
author_facet Arai, Shunto
author_sort Arai, Shunto
collection PubMed
description Blood vessels are essential organs that are involved in the supply of nutrients and oxygen and play an important role in regulating the body’s internal environment, including pH, body temperature, and water homeostasis. Many studies have examined the formation of networks of endothelial cells. The results of these studies have revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affects the interactions of these cells and modulates the network structure. Though almost all previous simulation studies have assumed that the chemoattractant VEGF is present before network formation, vascular endothelial cells secrete VEGF only after the cells bind to the substrate. This suggests VEGF is not essential for vasculogenesis especially at the early stage. Using a simple experiment, we find chain-like structures which last quite longer than it is expected, unless the energetically stable cluster should be compact. Using a purely physical model and simulation, we find that the hydrodynamic interaction retard the compaction of clusters and that the chains are stabilized through the effects of charge. The charge at the surface of the cells affect the interparticle potential, and the resulting repulsive forces prevent the chains from folding. The ions surrounding the cells may also be involved in this process.
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spelling pubmed-46910962016-01-06 Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge Arai, Shunto Int J Mol Sci Article Blood vessels are essential organs that are involved in the supply of nutrients and oxygen and play an important role in regulating the body’s internal environment, including pH, body temperature, and water homeostasis. Many studies have examined the formation of networks of endothelial cells. The results of these studies have revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affects the interactions of these cells and modulates the network structure. Though almost all previous simulation studies have assumed that the chemoattractant VEGF is present before network formation, vascular endothelial cells secrete VEGF only after the cells bind to the substrate. This suggests VEGF is not essential for vasculogenesis especially at the early stage. Using a simple experiment, we find chain-like structures which last quite longer than it is expected, unless the energetically stable cluster should be compact. Using a purely physical model and simulation, we find that the hydrodynamic interaction retard the compaction of clusters and that the chains are stabilized through the effects of charge. The charge at the surface of the cells affect the interparticle potential, and the resulting repulsive forces prevent the chains from folding. The ions surrounding the cells may also be involved in this process. MDPI 2015-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4691096/ /pubmed/26690133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226149 Text en © 2015 by the author; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Arai, Shunto
Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge
title Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge
title_full Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge
title_fullStr Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge
title_full_unstemmed Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge
title_short Primary Phenomenon in the Network Formation of Endothelial Cells: Effect of Charge
title_sort primary phenomenon in the network formation of endothelial cells: effect of charge
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691096/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26690133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226149
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