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Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence
Neutrophil leukocytes protect against a varied and complex array of microbes by providing microbicidal action that is simple, potent, and focused. Neutrophils provide such action via redox reactions that change the frontier orbitals of oxygen (O(2)) facilitating combustion. The spin conservation rul...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691466/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794072 |
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author | Allen, Robert C. |
author_facet | Allen, Robert C. |
author_sort | Allen, Robert C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neutrophil leukocytes protect against a varied and complex array of microbes by providing microbicidal action that is simple, potent, and focused. Neutrophils provide such action via redox reactions that change the frontier orbitals of oxygen (O(2)) facilitating combustion. The spin conservation rules define the symmetry barrier that prevents direct reaction of diradical O(2) with nonradical molecules, explaining why combustion is not spontaneous. In burning, the spin barrier is overcome when energy causes homolytic bond cleavage producing radicals capable of reacting with diradical O(2) to yield oxygenated radical products that further participate in reactive propagation. Neutrophil mediated combustion is by a different pathway. Changing the spin quantum state of O(2) removes the symmetry restriction to reaction. Electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O(2) (*)) is a potent electrophilic reactant with a finite lifetime that restricts its radius of reactivity and focuses combustive action on the target microbe. The resulting exergonic dioxygenation reactions produce electronically excited carbonyls that relax by light emission, that is, chemiluminescence. This overview of neutrophil combustive microbicidal action takes the perspectives of spin conservation and bosonic-fermionic frontier orbital considerations. The necessary principles of particle physics and quantum mechanics are developed and integrated into a fundamental explanation of neutrophil microbicidal metabolism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4691466 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46914662016-01-18 Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence Allen, Robert C. J Immunol Res Review Article Neutrophil leukocytes protect against a varied and complex array of microbes by providing microbicidal action that is simple, potent, and focused. Neutrophils provide such action via redox reactions that change the frontier orbitals of oxygen (O(2)) facilitating combustion. The spin conservation rules define the symmetry barrier that prevents direct reaction of diradical O(2) with nonradical molecules, explaining why combustion is not spontaneous. In burning, the spin barrier is overcome when energy causes homolytic bond cleavage producing radicals capable of reacting with diradical O(2) to yield oxygenated radical products that further participate in reactive propagation. Neutrophil mediated combustion is by a different pathway. Changing the spin quantum state of O(2) removes the symmetry restriction to reaction. Electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O(2) (*)) is a potent electrophilic reactant with a finite lifetime that restricts its radius of reactivity and focuses combustive action on the target microbe. The resulting exergonic dioxygenation reactions produce electronically excited carbonyls that relax by light emission, that is, chemiluminescence. This overview of neutrophil combustive microbicidal action takes the perspectives of spin conservation and bosonic-fermionic frontier orbital considerations. The necessary principles of particle physics and quantum mechanics are developed and integrated into a fundamental explanation of neutrophil microbicidal metabolism. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4691466/ /pubmed/26783542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794072 Text en Copyright © 2015 Robert C. Allen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Allen, Robert C. Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence |
title | Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence |
title_full | Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence |
title_fullStr | Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence |
title_full_unstemmed | Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence |
title_short | Neutrophil Leukocyte: Combustive Microbicidal Action and Chemiluminescence |
title_sort | neutrophil leukocyte: combustive microbicidal action and chemiluminescence |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691466/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/794072 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT allenrobertc neutrophilleukocytecombustivemicrobicidalactionandchemiluminescence |