Nanoparticles formation mechanisms through the spark erosion of alloys in cryogenic liquids

Mechanisms of the formation of nanoparticles of some B2 shape memory intermetallic compounds, glass-forming Zr-based alloy, and pure Ti obtained by spark erosion method in liquid nitrogen and argon are considered. One of peculiarity is a foam-like structure, which covers the surface of micron-sized particles that appear during spark erosion. Such morphology is related to the nanosized particles gathered in agglomerates. Detailed examination of those particles allows proposed several mechanisms of their formation. The mechanisms explains two kinds of nanosized particles: particles of several tens and even hundreds of nanometers are formed due to explosion of molten droplets while the smaller particles having in turn a different structure and morphology are formed as a result of condensation of evaporated constituents under different conditions. The latter have the composition usually different from the target composition while the composition of the former is very close to the target (master alloy) composition.