Impact of preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on vasoactive inotrope score after implantation of left ventricular assist device

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the difference in inotrope use between patients who underwent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation with preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and those who underwent LVAD implantation without preoperative ECMO. One hundred and eight patients who underwent LVAD implantation were enrolled in this study. Prior to LVAD implantation, 27 patients received ECMO support (ECMO group) and the other 81 patients did not (non-ECMO group). Cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) were recorded at weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 min after weaning from CPB (min after CPB), 60 min after CPB, and at the end of surgery. MAP and VIS were also recorded before induction of anesthesia (baseline). The modified VIS was defined as: (dopamine µg/kg/min × 1 + dobutamine µg/kg/min × 1 + epinephrine µg/kg/min × 100 + noradrenaline µg/kg/min × 100 + milrinone µg/kg/min × 10 + olprinone µg/kg/min × 25). There were no significant differences between the ECMO group and the non-ECMO group in terms of hemodynamic parameters such as MAP, CI, and SvO(2). However, the ECMO group had higher VIS and noradrenaline doses than that of non-ECMO group (p = 0.030 and p = 0.044, respectively). VIS was significantly higher in ECMO group at 30 min after CPB (p = 0.03), 60 min after CPB (p = 0.003), and at the end of the surgery (p < 0.001). The doses of noradrenaline were significantly higher in ECMO group at 60 min after CPB (p = 0.013), and at the end of surgery (p = 0.002). Patients who received ECMO support prior to LVAD implantation required significantly more noradrenaline to maintain normal levels of hemodynamic parameters compared with patients without ECMO.