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Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure

Trypanosoma brucei is a uniflagellated protist and the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease. The single flagellum of T. brucei is essential to a number of cellular processes such as motility, and has been a longstanding focus of scientific enquiry. A number of cyt...

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Autor principal: Morriswood, Brooke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540076
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells4040726
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author Morriswood, Brooke
author_facet Morriswood, Brooke
author_sort Morriswood, Brooke
collection PubMed
description Trypanosoma brucei is a uniflagellated protist and the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease. The single flagellum of T. brucei is essential to a number of cellular processes such as motility, and has been a longstanding focus of scientific enquiry. A number of cytoskeletal structures are associated with the flagellum in T. brucei, and one such structure—a multiprotein complex containing the repeat motif protein TbMORN1—is the focus of this review. The TbMORN1-containing complex, which was discovered less than ten years ago, is essential for the viability of the mammalian-infective form of T. brucei. The complex has an unusual asymmetric morphology, and is coiled around the flagellum to form a hook shape. Proteomic analysis using the proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) technique has elucidated a number of its components. Recent work has uncovered a role for TbMORN1 in facilitating protein entry into the cell, thus providing a link between the cytoskeleton and the endomembrane system. This review summarises the extant data on the complex, highlights the outstanding questions for future enquiry, and provides speculation as to its possible role in a size-exclusion mechanism for regulating protein entry. The review additionally clarifies the nomenclature associated with this topic, and proposes the adoption of the term “hook complex” to replace the former name “bilobe” to describe the complex.
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spelling pubmed-46958552016-01-19 Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure Morriswood, Brooke Cells Review Trypanosoma brucei is a uniflagellated protist and the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease. The single flagellum of T. brucei is essential to a number of cellular processes such as motility, and has been a longstanding focus of scientific enquiry. A number of cytoskeletal structures are associated with the flagellum in T. brucei, and one such structure—a multiprotein complex containing the repeat motif protein TbMORN1—is the focus of this review. The TbMORN1-containing complex, which was discovered less than ten years ago, is essential for the viability of the mammalian-infective form of T. brucei. The complex has an unusual asymmetric morphology, and is coiled around the flagellum to form a hook shape. Proteomic analysis using the proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) technique has elucidated a number of its components. Recent work has uncovered a role for TbMORN1 in facilitating protein entry into the cell, thus providing a link between the cytoskeleton and the endomembrane system. This review summarises the extant data on the complex, highlights the outstanding questions for future enquiry, and provides speculation as to its possible role in a size-exclusion mechanism for regulating protein entry. The review additionally clarifies the nomenclature associated with this topic, and proposes the adoption of the term “hook complex” to replace the former name “bilobe” to describe the complex. MDPI 2015-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4695855/ /pubmed/26540076 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells4040726 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Morriswood, Brooke
Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure
title Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure
title_full Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure
title_fullStr Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure
title_full_unstemmed Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure
title_short Form, Fabric, and Function of a Flagellum-Associated Cytoskeletal Structure
title_sort form, fabric, and function of a flagellum-associated cytoskeletal structure
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540076
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells4040726
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