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Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands
This study investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular density, and apoptosis in fetal rat adrenal glands with hyperthyroidism in late gestation. Twelve mature female Wistar albino rats with the same biological and physiological features were used for this stud...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26708182 http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2015.2560 |
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author | Karaca, T. Hulya Uz, Y. Karabacak, R. Karaboga, I. Demirtas, S. Cagatay Cicek, A. |
author_facet | Karaca, T. Hulya Uz, Y. Karabacak, R. Karaboga, I. Demirtas, S. Cagatay Cicek, A. |
author_sort | Karaca, T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular density, and apoptosis in fetal rat adrenal glands with hyperthyroidism in late gestation. Twelve mature female Wistar albino rats with the same biological and physiological features were used for this study. Rats were divided into two groups: control and hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (250 µg/kg) before pregnancy for 21 days and during pregnancy. Rats in the control and hyperthyroidism groups were caged according to the number of male rats. Zero day of pregnancy (Day 0) was indicated when the animals were observed to have microscopic sperm in vaginal smears. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of pregnancy; blood from each animal was collected to determine the concentrations of maternal adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroxine. Rat fetuses were then quickly removed from the uterus, and the adrenal glands of the fetuses were dissected. VEGF expression, vascular density, and apoptosis were analyzed in fetal rat adrenal glands. Maternal serum levels of the ACTH and free thyroxine were significantly higher in the hyperthyroidism group than in the control group. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of VEGF positive cells and vessel density significantly increased in the hyperthyroidism rat fetal adrenal group compared with the control group. Hyperthyroidism did not change the fetal and placental weights and the number of fetuses. This study demonstrates that hyperthyroidism may have an effect on the development of rat adrenal glands mediated by VEGF expression, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4698614 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46986142016-01-15 Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands Karaca, T. Hulya Uz, Y. Karabacak, R. Karaboga, I. Demirtas, S. Cagatay Cicek, A. Eur J Histochem Original Paper This study investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular density, and apoptosis in fetal rat adrenal glands with hyperthyroidism in late gestation. Twelve mature female Wistar albino rats with the same biological and physiological features were used for this study. Rats were divided into two groups: control and hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (250 µg/kg) before pregnancy for 21 days and during pregnancy. Rats in the control and hyperthyroidism groups were caged according to the number of male rats. Zero day of pregnancy (Day 0) was indicated when the animals were observed to have microscopic sperm in vaginal smears. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of pregnancy; blood from each animal was collected to determine the concentrations of maternal adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroxine. Rat fetuses were then quickly removed from the uterus, and the adrenal glands of the fetuses were dissected. VEGF expression, vascular density, and apoptosis were analyzed in fetal rat adrenal glands. Maternal serum levels of the ACTH and free thyroxine were significantly higher in the hyperthyroidism group than in the control group. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of VEGF positive cells and vessel density significantly increased in the hyperthyroidism rat fetal adrenal group compared with the control group. Hyperthyroidism did not change the fetal and placental weights and the number of fetuses. This study demonstrates that hyperthyroidism may have an effect on the development of rat adrenal glands mediated by VEGF expression, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy 2015-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4698614/ /pubmed/26708182 http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2015.2560 Text en ©Copyright T. Karaca et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Karaca, T. Hulya Uz, Y. Karabacak, R. Karaboga, I. Demirtas, S. Cagatay Cicek, A. Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands |
title | Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands |
title_full | Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands |
title_fullStr | Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands |
title_short | Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Apoptosis in Fetal Adrenal Glands |
title_sort | effects of hyperthyroidism on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and apoptosis in fetal adrenal glands |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26708182 http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2015.2560 |
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