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Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens
The aromatase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in many human tissues. Estrogens are known to stimulate cellular proliferation associated with certain cancers and protect against adverse symptoms during the peri- and postmenopausal intervals. Phytoestrogens are a group of pla...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4699002/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798508 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/594656 |
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author | Lephart, Edwin D. |
author_facet | Lephart, Edwin D. |
author_sort | Lephart, Edwin D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aromatase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in many human tissues. Estrogens are known to stimulate cellular proliferation associated with certain cancers and protect against adverse symptoms during the peri- and postmenopausal intervals. Phytoestrogens are a group of plant derived naturally occurring compounds that have chemical structures similar to estrogen. Since phytoestrogens are known to be constituents of animal/human food sources, these compounds have received increased research attention. Phytoestrogens may contribute to decreased cancer risk by the inhibition of aromatase enzyme activity and CYP19 gene expression in human tissues. This review covers (a) the aromatase enzyme (historical descriptions on function, activity, and gene characteristics), (b) phytoestrogens in their classifications and applications to human health, and (c) a chronological coverage of aromatase activity modulated by phytoestrogens from the early 1980s to 2015. In general, phytoestrogens act as aromatase inhibitors by (a) decreasing aromatase gene expression, (b) inhibiting the aromatase enzyme itself, or (c) in some cases acting at both levels of regulation. The findings presented herein are consistent with estrogen's impact on health and phytoestrogen's potential as anticancer treatments, but well-controlled, large-scale studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of phytoestrogens on breast cancer and age-related diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4699002 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46990022016-01-21 Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens Lephart, Edwin D. Enzyme Res Review Article The aromatase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in many human tissues. Estrogens are known to stimulate cellular proliferation associated with certain cancers and protect against adverse symptoms during the peri- and postmenopausal intervals. Phytoestrogens are a group of plant derived naturally occurring compounds that have chemical structures similar to estrogen. Since phytoestrogens are known to be constituents of animal/human food sources, these compounds have received increased research attention. Phytoestrogens may contribute to decreased cancer risk by the inhibition of aromatase enzyme activity and CYP19 gene expression in human tissues. This review covers (a) the aromatase enzyme (historical descriptions on function, activity, and gene characteristics), (b) phytoestrogens in their classifications and applications to human health, and (c) a chronological coverage of aromatase activity modulated by phytoestrogens from the early 1980s to 2015. In general, phytoestrogens act as aromatase inhibitors by (a) decreasing aromatase gene expression, (b) inhibiting the aromatase enzyme itself, or (c) in some cases acting at both levels of regulation. The findings presented herein are consistent with estrogen's impact on health and phytoestrogen's potential as anticancer treatments, but well-controlled, large-scale studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of phytoestrogens on breast cancer and age-related diseases. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4699002/ /pubmed/26798508 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/594656 Text en Copyright © 2015 Edwin D. Lephart. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Lephart, Edwin D. Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens |
title | Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens |
title_full | Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens |
title_fullStr | Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens |
title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens |
title_short | Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens |
title_sort | modulation of aromatase by phytoestrogens |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4699002/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798508 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/594656 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lephartedwind modulationofaromatasebyphytoestrogens |