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A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence

Phytoparasitic nematodes that are able to infect and reproduce on plants that are considered resistant are referred to as virulent. The mechanism(s) that virulent nematodes employ to evade or suppress host plant defenses are not well understood. Here we report the use of a genetic strategy (allelic...

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Autores principales: Bekal, Sadia, Domier, Leslie L., Gonfa, Biruk, Lakhssassi, Naoufal, Meksem, Khalid, Lambert, Kris N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4699853/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26714307
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145601
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author Bekal, Sadia
Domier, Leslie L.
Gonfa, Biruk
Lakhssassi, Naoufal
Meksem, Khalid
Lambert, Kris N.
author_facet Bekal, Sadia
Domier, Leslie L.
Gonfa, Biruk
Lakhssassi, Naoufal
Meksem, Khalid
Lambert, Kris N.
author_sort Bekal, Sadia
collection PubMed
description Phytoparasitic nematodes that are able to infect and reproduce on plants that are considered resistant are referred to as virulent. The mechanism(s) that virulent nematodes employ to evade or suppress host plant defenses are not well understood. Here we report the use of a genetic strategy (allelic imbalance analysis) to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nematode virulence genes in Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). To accomplish this analysis, a custom SCN SNP array was developed and used to genotype SCN F3-derived populations grown on resistant and susceptible soybean plants. Three SNPs reproducibly showed allele imbalances between nematodes grown on resistant and susceptible plants. Two candidate SCN virulence genes that were tightly linked to the SNPs were identified. One SCN gene encoded biotin synthase (HgBioB), and the other encoded a bacterial-like protein containing a putative SNARE domain (HgSLP-1). The two genes mapped to two different linkage groups. HgBioB contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent nematodes. However, the gene encoding HgSLP-1 had reduced copy number in virulent nematode populations and appears to produce multiple forms of the protein via intron retention and alternative splicing. We show that HgSLP-1 is an esophageal-gland protein that is secreted by the nematode during plant parasitism. Furthermore, in bacterial co-expression experiments, HgSLP-1 co-purified with the SCN resistance protein Rhg1 α-SNAP, suggesting that these two proteins physically interact. Collectively our data suggest that multiple SCN genes are involved in SCN virulence, and that HgSLP-1 may function as an avirulence protein and when absent it helps SCN evade host defenses.
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spelling pubmed-46998532016-01-14 A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence Bekal, Sadia Domier, Leslie L. Gonfa, Biruk Lakhssassi, Naoufal Meksem, Khalid Lambert, Kris N. PLoS One Research Article Phytoparasitic nematodes that are able to infect and reproduce on plants that are considered resistant are referred to as virulent. The mechanism(s) that virulent nematodes employ to evade or suppress host plant defenses are not well understood. Here we report the use of a genetic strategy (allelic imbalance analysis) to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nematode virulence genes in Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). To accomplish this analysis, a custom SCN SNP array was developed and used to genotype SCN F3-derived populations grown on resistant and susceptible soybean plants. Three SNPs reproducibly showed allele imbalances between nematodes grown on resistant and susceptible plants. Two candidate SCN virulence genes that were tightly linked to the SNPs were identified. One SCN gene encoded biotin synthase (HgBioB), and the other encoded a bacterial-like protein containing a putative SNARE domain (HgSLP-1). The two genes mapped to two different linkage groups. HgBioB contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent nematodes. However, the gene encoding HgSLP-1 had reduced copy number in virulent nematode populations and appears to produce multiple forms of the protein via intron retention and alternative splicing. We show that HgSLP-1 is an esophageal-gland protein that is secreted by the nematode during plant parasitism. Furthermore, in bacterial co-expression experiments, HgSLP-1 co-purified with the SCN resistance protein Rhg1 α-SNAP, suggesting that these two proteins physically interact. Collectively our data suggest that multiple SCN genes are involved in SCN virulence, and that HgSLP-1 may function as an avirulence protein and when absent it helps SCN evade host defenses. Public Library of Science 2015-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4699853/ /pubmed/26714307 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145601 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bekal, Sadia
Domier, Leslie L.
Gonfa, Biruk
Lakhssassi, Naoufal
Meksem, Khalid
Lambert, Kris N.
A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence
title A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence
title_full A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence
title_fullStr A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence
title_full_unstemmed A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence
title_short A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence
title_sort snare-like protein and biotin are implicated in soybean cyst nematode virulence
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4699853/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26714307
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145601
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