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The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression

Insects of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) use a wide range of mechanisms of sex determination, including genetic sex determination, paternal genome elimination, and haplodiploidy. Genetic sex determination, the prevalent mode, is generally controlled by a pair of XY sex chromosomes or by an XX/X0 s...

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Autores principales: Pal, Arka, Vicoso, Beatriz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26556591
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215
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author Pal, Arka
Vicoso, Beatriz
author_facet Pal, Arka
Vicoso, Beatriz
author_sort Pal, Arka
collection PubMed
description Insects of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) use a wide range of mechanisms of sex determination, including genetic sex determination, paternal genome elimination, and haplodiploidy. Genetic sex determination, the prevalent mode, is generally controlled by a pair of XY sex chromosomes or by an XX/X0 system, but different configurations that include additional sex chromosomes are also present. Although this diversity of sex determining systems has been extensively studied at the cytogenetic level, only the X chromosome of the model pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has been analyzed at the genomic level, and little is known about X chromosome biology in the rest of the order. In this study, we take advantage of published DNA- and RNA-seq data from three additional Hemiptera species to perform a comparative analysis of the gene content and expression of the X chromosome throughout this clade. We find that, despite showing evidence of dosage compensation, the X chromosomes of these species show female-biased expression, and a deficit of male-biased genes, in direct contrast to the pea aphid X. We further detect an excess of shared gene content between these very distant species, suggesting that despite the diversity of sex determining systems, the same chromosomal element is used as the X throughout a large portion of the order.
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spelling pubmed-47009482016-01-06 The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression Pal, Arka Vicoso, Beatriz Genome Biol Evol Research Article Insects of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) use a wide range of mechanisms of sex determination, including genetic sex determination, paternal genome elimination, and haplodiploidy. Genetic sex determination, the prevalent mode, is generally controlled by a pair of XY sex chromosomes or by an XX/X0 system, but different configurations that include additional sex chromosomes are also present. Although this diversity of sex determining systems has been extensively studied at the cytogenetic level, only the X chromosome of the model pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has been analyzed at the genomic level, and little is known about X chromosome biology in the rest of the order. In this study, we take advantage of published DNA- and RNA-seq data from three additional Hemiptera species to perform a comparative analysis of the gene content and expression of the X chromosome throughout this clade. We find that, despite showing evidence of dosage compensation, the X chromosomes of these species show female-biased expression, and a deficit of male-biased genes, in direct contrast to the pea aphid X. We further detect an excess of shared gene content between these very distant species, suggesting that despite the diversity of sex determining systems, the same chromosomal element is used as the X throughout a large portion of the order. Oxford University Press 2015-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4700948/ /pubmed/26556591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215 Text en © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pal, Arka
Vicoso, Beatriz
The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression
title The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression
title_full The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression
title_fullStr The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression
title_full_unstemmed The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression
title_short The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression
title_sort x chromosome of hemipteran insects: conservation, dosage compensation and sex-biased expression
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26556591
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215
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