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Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study

BACKGROUND: Depression affects a considerable proportion (12–25 %) of adolescents and so-called emerging adults (ages of 18 and 25). The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between perceived social support and depression in a sample of emerging adults, and subsequently to identify th...

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Autores principales: Martínez-Hernáez, Angel, Carceller-Maicas, Natàlia, DiGiacomo, Susan M., Ariste, Santiago
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4704269/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744601
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0088-x
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author Martínez-Hernáez, Angel
Carceller-Maicas, Natàlia
DiGiacomo, Susan M.
Ariste, Santiago
author_facet Martínez-Hernáez, Angel
Carceller-Maicas, Natàlia
DiGiacomo, Susan M.
Ariste, Santiago
author_sort Martínez-Hernáez, Angel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Depression affects a considerable proportion (12–25 %) of adolescents and so-called emerging adults (ages of 18 and 25). The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between perceived social support and depression in a sample of emerging adults, and subsequently to identify the type of social support young people consider most helpful in dealing with this type of emotional distress. METHODS: A sample of 105 young persons (17–21 years of age) was selected from a previous longitudinal study to create three groups of participants: subjects with a previous diagnosis of depression; subjects with self-perceived but undiagnosed distress compatible with depression; and a group of controls. Qualitative and validated instruments for measuring depressive symptoms (the BDI-II, Beck depression inventory) and social support (the Mannheim interview on social support) were administered. RESULTS: Loss of friendships over time and dissatisfaction with social and psychological support are variables associated with depression in emerging adulthood. Qualitative analysis revealed gender differences both in strategies for managing distress, and in how social support was understood to mitigate depressive symptoms. Male study participants prioritized support that helped them achieve self-control as a first step toward awareness of their emotional distress, while female study participants prioritized support that helped them achieve awareness of the problem as a first step toward self-control. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for emerging adults with depression should take into account not only the impact of social support, but also gender differences in what they consider to be the most appropriate form of social support for dealing with emotional distress. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0088-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-47042692016-01-08 Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study Martínez-Hernáez, Angel Carceller-Maicas, Natàlia DiGiacomo, Susan M. Ariste, Santiago Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Depression affects a considerable proportion (12–25 %) of adolescents and so-called emerging adults (ages of 18 and 25). The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between perceived social support and depression in a sample of emerging adults, and subsequently to identify the type of social support young people consider most helpful in dealing with this type of emotional distress. METHODS: A sample of 105 young persons (17–21 years of age) was selected from a previous longitudinal study to create three groups of participants: subjects with a previous diagnosis of depression; subjects with self-perceived but undiagnosed distress compatible with depression; and a group of controls. Qualitative and validated instruments for measuring depressive symptoms (the BDI-II, Beck depression inventory) and social support (the Mannheim interview on social support) were administered. RESULTS: Loss of friendships over time and dissatisfaction with social and psychological support are variables associated with depression in emerging adulthood. Qualitative analysis revealed gender differences both in strategies for managing distress, and in how social support was understood to mitigate depressive symptoms. Male study participants prioritized support that helped them achieve self-control as a first step toward awareness of their emotional distress, while female study participants prioritized support that helped them achieve awareness of the problem as a first step toward self-control. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for emerging adults with depression should take into account not only the impact of social support, but also gender differences in what they consider to be the most appropriate form of social support for dealing with emotional distress. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0088-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4704269/ /pubmed/26744601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0088-x Text en © Martinez-Hernaez et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Martínez-Hernáez, Angel
Carceller-Maicas, Natàlia
DiGiacomo, Susan M.
Ariste, Santiago
Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
title Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
title_full Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
title_fullStr Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
title_full_unstemmed Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
title_short Social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
title_sort social support and gender differences in coping with depression among emerging adults: a mixed-methods study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4704269/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744601
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0088-x
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