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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis causes subacute deficits of memory and cognition, often followed by suppressed level of consciousness or coma. A careful history and examination may show early clues to particular autoimmune causes, such as neuromyotonia, hyperekplexia, psychosis, dystonia, or the presence of...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Korean Neurological Association
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712273/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1 |
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author | Lancaster, Eric |
author_facet | Lancaster, Eric |
author_sort | Lancaster, Eric |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autoimmune encephalitis causes subacute deficits of memory and cognition, often followed by suppressed level of consciousness or coma. A careful history and examination may show early clues to particular autoimmune causes, such as neuromyotonia, hyperekplexia, psychosis, dystonia, or the presence of particular tumors. Ancillary testing with MRI and EEG may be helpful for excluding other causes, managing seizures, and, rarely, for identifying characteristic findings. Appropriate autoantibody testing can confirm specific diagnoses, although this is often done in parallel with exclusion of infectious and other causes. Autoimmune encephalitis may be divided into several groups of diseases: those with pathogenic antibodies to cell surface proteins, those with antibodies to intracellular synaptic proteins, T-cell diseases associated with antibodies to intracellular antigens, and those associated with other autoimmune disorders. Many forms of autoimmune encephalitis are paraneoplastic, and each of these conveys a distinct risk profile for various tumors. Tumor screening and, if necessary, treatment is essential to proper management. Most forms of autoimmune encephalitis respond to immune therapies, although powerful immune suppression for weeks or months may be needed in difficult cases. Autoimmune encephalitis may relapse, so follow-up care is important. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4712273 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Korean Neurological Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47122732016-01-14 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis Lancaster, Eric J Clin Neurol Review Autoimmune encephalitis causes subacute deficits of memory and cognition, often followed by suppressed level of consciousness or coma. A careful history and examination may show early clues to particular autoimmune causes, such as neuromyotonia, hyperekplexia, psychosis, dystonia, or the presence of particular tumors. Ancillary testing with MRI and EEG may be helpful for excluding other causes, managing seizures, and, rarely, for identifying characteristic findings. Appropriate autoantibody testing can confirm specific diagnoses, although this is often done in parallel with exclusion of infectious and other causes. Autoimmune encephalitis may be divided into several groups of diseases: those with pathogenic antibodies to cell surface proteins, those with antibodies to intracellular synaptic proteins, T-cell diseases associated with antibodies to intracellular antigens, and those associated with other autoimmune disorders. Many forms of autoimmune encephalitis are paraneoplastic, and each of these conveys a distinct risk profile for various tumors. Tumor screening and, if necessary, treatment is essential to proper management. Most forms of autoimmune encephalitis respond to immune therapies, although powerful immune suppression for weeks or months may be needed in difficult cases. Autoimmune encephalitis may relapse, so follow-up care is important. Korean Neurological Association 2016-01 2015-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4712273/ /pubmed/26754777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1 Text en Copyright © 2016 Korean Neurological Association http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Lancaster, Eric The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis |
title | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis |
title_full | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis |
title_fullStr | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis |
title_short | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis |
title_sort | diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712273/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1 |
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