The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013–2014

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence sur...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kapata, Nathan, Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina, Ngosa, William, Metitiri, Mine, Klinkenberg, Eveline, Kalisvaart, Nico, Sunkutu, Veronica, Shibemba, Aaron, Chabala, Chishala, Chongwe, Gershom, Tembo, Mathias, Mulenga, Lutinala, Mbulo, Grace, Katemangwe, Patrick, Sakala, Sandra, Chizema-Kawesha, Elizabeth, Masiye, Felix, Sinyangwe, George, Onozaki, Ikushi, Mwaba, Peter, Chikamata, Davy, Zumla, Alimuddin, Grobusch, Martin P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Research Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26771588
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146392
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence survey OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the adult Zambian population aged 15 years and above, in 2013–2014. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 66 clusters across all the 10 provinces of Zambia. Eligible participants aged 15 years and above were screened for TB symptoms, had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed and were offered an HIV test. Participants with TB symptoms and/or CXR abnormality underwent an in-depth interview and submitted one spot- and one morning sputum sample for smear microscopy and liquid culture. Digital data collection methods were used throughout the process. RESULTS: Of the 98,458 individuals who were enumerated, 54,830 (55.7%) were eligible to participate, and 46,099 (84.1%) participated. Of those who participated, 45,633/46,099 (99%) were screened by both symptom assessment and chest x-ray, while 466/46,099 (1.01%) were screened by interview only. 6,708 (14.6%) were eligible to submit sputum and 6,154/6,708 (91.7%) of them submitted at least one specimen for examination. MTB cases identified were 265/6,123 (4.3%). The estimated national adult prevalence of smear, culture and bacteriologically confirmed TB was 319/100,000 (232-406/100,000); 568/100,000 (440-697/100,000); and 638/100,000 (502-774/100,000) population, respectively. The risk of having TB was five times higher in the HIV positive than HIV negative individuals. The TB prevalence for all forms was estimated to be 455 /100,000 population for all age groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tuberculosis in Zambia was higher than previously estimated. Innovative approaches are required to accelerate the control of TB.

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