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Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of active smoking in Vietnam. METHOD: A prevalence-based disease-specific cost of illness approach was utilised to calculate the costs related to five smoking-related diseases: lung cancer, cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, chronic obstruc...

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Autores principales: Hoang Anh, Pham Thi, Thu, Le Thi, Ross, Hana, Quynh Anh, Nguyen, Linh, Bui Ngoc, Minh, Nguyen Thac
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512430
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051821
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author Hoang Anh, Pham Thi
Thu, Le Thi
Ross, Hana
Quynh Anh, Nguyen
Linh, Bui Ngoc
Minh, Nguyen Thac
author_facet Hoang Anh, Pham Thi
Thu, Le Thi
Ross, Hana
Quynh Anh, Nguyen
Linh, Bui Ngoc
Minh, Nguyen Thac
author_sort Hoang Anh, Pham Thi
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of active smoking in Vietnam. METHOD: A prevalence-based disease-specific cost of illness approach was utilised to calculate the costs related to five smoking-related diseases: lung cancer, cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Data on healthcare came from an original survey, hospital records and official government statistics. Morbidity and mortality due to smoking combined with the average per capita income were used to calculate the indirect costs of smoking by applying the human capital approach. The smoking-attributable fraction was calculated using the adjusted relative risk values from phase II of the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS-II). Costs were classified as personal, governmental and health insurance costs. RESULTS: The total economic cost of smoking in 2011 was estimated at 24 679.9 billion Vietnamese dong (VND), equivalent to US$1173.2 million or approximately 0.97% of the 2011 gross domestic product. The direct costs of inpatient and outpatient care reached 9896.2 billion VND (US$470.4 million) and 2567.2 billion VND (US$122.0 million), respectively. The government’s contribution to these costs was 4534.3 billion VND (US$215.5 million), which was equivalent to 5.76% of its 2011 healthcare budget. The indirect costs (productivity loss) due to morbidity and mortality were 2652.9 billion VND (US$126.1 million) and 9563.5 billion VND (US$454.6 million), respectively. These indirect costs represent about 49.5% of the total costs of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco consumption has large negative consequences on the Vietnamese economy.
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spelling pubmed-47173602016-01-28 Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam Hoang Anh, Pham Thi Thu, Le Thi Ross, Hana Quynh Anh, Nguyen Linh, Bui Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Thac Tob Control Research Paper OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of active smoking in Vietnam. METHOD: A prevalence-based disease-specific cost of illness approach was utilised to calculate the costs related to five smoking-related diseases: lung cancer, cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Data on healthcare came from an original survey, hospital records and official government statistics. Morbidity and mortality due to smoking combined with the average per capita income were used to calculate the indirect costs of smoking by applying the human capital approach. The smoking-attributable fraction was calculated using the adjusted relative risk values from phase II of the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS-II). Costs were classified as personal, governmental and health insurance costs. RESULTS: The total economic cost of smoking in 2011 was estimated at 24 679.9 billion Vietnamese dong (VND), equivalent to US$1173.2 million or approximately 0.97% of the 2011 gross domestic product. The direct costs of inpatient and outpatient care reached 9896.2 billion VND (US$470.4 million) and 2567.2 billion VND (US$122.0 million), respectively. The government’s contribution to these costs was 4534.3 billion VND (US$215.5 million), which was equivalent to 5.76% of its 2011 healthcare budget. The indirect costs (productivity loss) due to morbidity and mortality were 2652.9 billion VND (US$126.1 million) and 9563.5 billion VND (US$454.6 million), respectively. These indirect costs represent about 49.5% of the total costs of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco consumption has large negative consequences on the Vietnamese economy. BMJ Publishing Group 2016-01 2014-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4717360/ /pubmed/25512430 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051821 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Research Paper
Hoang Anh, Pham Thi
Thu, Le Thi
Ross, Hana
Quynh Anh, Nguyen
Linh, Bui Ngoc
Minh, Nguyen Thac
Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam
title Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam
title_full Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam
title_fullStr Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam
title_full_unstemmed Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam
title_short Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam
title_sort direct and indirect costs of smoking in vietnam
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512430
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051821
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