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Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies

Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. Oxidation of fatty acids requires approximately 25 proteins. Inherited defects of FAO have been identified in the majority of these proteins and constitute an importa...

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Autores principales: Wajner, Moacir, Amaral, Alexandre Umpierrez
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4718505/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26589966
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20150240
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author Wajner, Moacir
Amaral, Alexandre Umpierrez
author_facet Wajner, Moacir
Amaral, Alexandre Umpierrez
author_sort Wajner, Moacir
collection PubMed
description Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. Oxidation of fatty acids requires approximately 25 proteins. Inherited defects of FAO have been identified in the majority of these proteins and constitute an important group of inborn errors of metabolism. Affected patients usually present with severe hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy, whereas some patients may suffer acute and/or progressive encephalopathy whose pathogenesis is poorly known. In recent years growing evidence has emerged indicating that energy deficiency/disruption of mitochondrial homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of some fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD), although the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet established. Characteristic fatty acids and carnitine derivatives are found at high concentrations in these patients and more markedly during episodes of metabolic decompensation that are associated with worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is conceivable that these compounds may be toxic. We will briefly summarize the current knowledge obtained from patients and genetic mouse models with these disorders indicating that disruption of mitochondrial energy, redox and calcium homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of the tissue damage in the more common FAOD, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. We will also provide evidence that the fatty acids and derivatives that accumulate in these diseases disrupt mitochondrial homoeostasis. The elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of these compounds may offer new perspectives for potential novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies in selected disorders of this group.
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spelling pubmed-47185052016-02-02 Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies Wajner, Moacir Amaral, Alexandre Umpierrez Biosci Rep Review Articles Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. Oxidation of fatty acids requires approximately 25 proteins. Inherited defects of FAO have been identified in the majority of these proteins and constitute an important group of inborn errors of metabolism. Affected patients usually present with severe hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy, whereas some patients may suffer acute and/or progressive encephalopathy whose pathogenesis is poorly known. In recent years growing evidence has emerged indicating that energy deficiency/disruption of mitochondrial homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of some fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD), although the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet established. Characteristic fatty acids and carnitine derivatives are found at high concentrations in these patients and more markedly during episodes of metabolic decompensation that are associated with worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is conceivable that these compounds may be toxic. We will briefly summarize the current knowledge obtained from patients and genetic mouse models with these disorders indicating that disruption of mitochondrial energy, redox and calcium homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of the tissue damage in the more common FAOD, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. We will also provide evidence that the fatty acids and derivatives that accumulate in these diseases disrupt mitochondrial homoeostasis. The elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of these compounds may offer new perspectives for potential novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies in selected disorders of this group. Portland Press Ltd. 2016-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4718505/ /pubmed/26589966 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20150240 Text en © 2016 Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Articles
Wajner, Moacir
Amaral, Alexandre Umpierrez
Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
title Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
title_full Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
title_fullStr Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
title_full_unstemmed Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
title_short Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
title_sort mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4718505/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26589966
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20150240
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