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Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue
BACKGROUND: The physiological background of exercise-induced muscle fatigue(EIMUF) is only poorly understood. Thus, monitoring of EIMUF by a single or multiple biomarkers(BMs) is under debate. After a systematic literature review 91 papers were included. RESULTS: EIMUF is mainly due to depletion of...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721145/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26790722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0869-2 |
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author | Finsterer, Josef Drory, Vivian E. |
author_facet | Finsterer, Josef Drory, Vivian E. |
author_sort | Finsterer, Josef |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The physiological background of exercise-induced muscle fatigue(EIMUF) is only poorly understood. Thus, monitoring of EIMUF by a single or multiple biomarkers(BMs) is under debate. After a systematic literature review 91 papers were included. RESULTS: EIMUF is mainly due to depletion of substrates, increased oxidative stress, muscle membrane depolarisation following potassium depletion, muscle hyperthermia, muscle damage, impaired oxygen supply to the muscle, activation of an inflammatory response, or impaired calcium-handling. Dehydration, hyperammonemia, mitochondrial biogenesis, and genetic responses are also discussed. Since EIMUF is dependent on age, sex, degree of fatigue, type, intensity, and duration of exercise, energy supply during exercise, climate, training status (physical fitness), and health status, BMs currently available for monitoring EIMUF have limited reliability. Generally, wet, volatile, and dry BMs are differentiated. Among dry BMs of EIMUF the most promising include power output measures, electrophysiological measures, cardiologic measures, and questionnaires. Among wet BMs of EIMUF those most applicable include markers of ATP-metabolism, of oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation. VO(2)-kinetics are used as a volatile BM. CONCLUSIONS: Though the physiology of EIMUF remains to be fully elucidated, some promising BMs have been recently introduced, which together with other BMs, could be useful in monitoring EIMUF. The combination of biomarkers seems to be more efficient than a single biomarker to monitor EIMUF. However, it is essential that efficacy, reliability, and applicability of each BM candidate is validated in appropriate studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4721145 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47211452016-01-22 Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue Finsterer, Josef Drory, Vivian E. BMC Musculoskelet Disord Research Article BACKGROUND: The physiological background of exercise-induced muscle fatigue(EIMUF) is only poorly understood. Thus, monitoring of EIMUF by a single or multiple biomarkers(BMs) is under debate. After a systematic literature review 91 papers were included. RESULTS: EIMUF is mainly due to depletion of substrates, increased oxidative stress, muscle membrane depolarisation following potassium depletion, muscle hyperthermia, muscle damage, impaired oxygen supply to the muscle, activation of an inflammatory response, or impaired calcium-handling. Dehydration, hyperammonemia, mitochondrial biogenesis, and genetic responses are also discussed. Since EIMUF is dependent on age, sex, degree of fatigue, type, intensity, and duration of exercise, energy supply during exercise, climate, training status (physical fitness), and health status, BMs currently available for monitoring EIMUF have limited reliability. Generally, wet, volatile, and dry BMs are differentiated. Among dry BMs of EIMUF the most promising include power output measures, electrophysiological measures, cardiologic measures, and questionnaires. Among wet BMs of EIMUF those most applicable include markers of ATP-metabolism, of oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation. VO(2)-kinetics are used as a volatile BM. CONCLUSIONS: Though the physiology of EIMUF remains to be fully elucidated, some promising BMs have been recently introduced, which together with other BMs, could be useful in monitoring EIMUF. The combination of biomarkers seems to be more efficient than a single biomarker to monitor EIMUF. However, it is essential that efficacy, reliability, and applicability of each BM candidate is validated in appropriate studies. BioMed Central 2016-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4721145/ /pubmed/26790722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0869-2 Text en © Finsterer and Drory. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Finsterer, Josef Drory, Vivian E. Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
title | Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
title_full | Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
title_fullStr | Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
title_full_unstemmed | Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
title_short | Wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
title_sort | wet, volatile, and dry biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle fatigue |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721145/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26790722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0869-2 |
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