Fabrication of Wide–Range–Visible Photocatalyst Bi(2)WO(6−x) nanoplates via Surface Oxygen Vacancies

Bi(2)WO(6) as a high visible-light-driven catalyst has been aroused broad interest. However, it can only be excitated by the light with λ < 450 nm and the solar energy utilization need to be improved. Here, the wide–range–visible photoresponse Bi(2)WO(6−x) nanoplates were fabricated by introducing surface oxygen vacancies through the controllable hydrogen reduction method. The visible photoresponse wavelength range is extended from 450 nm to more than 600 nm. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of Bi(2)WO(6−x) is also increased and is 2.1 times as high as that of pristine Bi(2)WO(6). The extending of the photoresponse range and the enhancement of the photoactivity both can be attributed to the surface-oxygen-vacancy states. This is because surface-oxygen–vacancy states generated above and partly overlapping of with the valence band (VB) will result in the rising of valence band maximum (VBM), thus broadening the VB width. This approach is proposed to develop many types of wide–range–visible optical materials and to be applicable to many narrow and wide bandgap materials.