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Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels
BACKGROUND: Lignin is an important structural component of plant cell wall that confers mechanical strength and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stressors; however it affects the use of biomass such as wheat straw for some industrial applications such as biofuel production. Genetic alteration of...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727291/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26811086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0717-4 |
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author | Nguyen, Tran-Nguyen Son, SeungHyun Jordan, Mark C. Levin, David B. Ayele, Belay T. |
author_facet | Nguyen, Tran-Nguyen Son, SeungHyun Jordan, Mark C. Levin, David B. Ayele, Belay T. |
author_sort | Nguyen, Tran-Nguyen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Lignin is an important structural component of plant cell wall that confers mechanical strength and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stressors; however it affects the use of biomass such as wheat straw for some industrial applications such as biofuel production. Genetic alteration of lignin quantity and quality has been considered as a viable option to overcome this problem. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin formation in wheat biomass has not been studied. Combining molecular and biochemical approaches, the present study investigated the transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis in two wheat cultivars with varying lodging characteristics and also in response to waterlogging. It also examined the association of lignin level in tissues with that of plant hormones implicated in the control of lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS: Analysis of lignin biosynthesis in the two wheat cultivars revealed a close association of lodging resistance with internode lignin content and expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase1 (4CL1), p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase1 (C3H1), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase2 (CCR2), ferulate 5-hydroxylase2 (F5H2) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase2 (COMT2), which are among the genes highly expressed in wheat tissues, implying the importance of these genes in mediating lignin deposition in wheat stem. Waterlogging of wheat plants reduced internode lignin content, and this effect is accompanied by transcriptional repression of three of the genes characterized as highly expressed in wheat internode including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase6 (PAL6), CCR2 and F5H2, and decreased activity of PAL. Expression of the other genes was, however, induced by waterlogging, suggesting their role in the synthesis of other phenylpropanoid-derived molecules with roles in stress responses. Moreover, difference in internode lignin content between cultivars or change in its level due to waterlogging is associated with the level of cytokinin. CONCLUSION: Lodging resistance, tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and feedstock quality of wheat biomass are closely associated with its lignin content. Therefore, the findings of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin formation in wheat, an important step towards the development of molecular tools that can facilitate the breeding of wheat cultivars for optimized lignin content and enhanced feedstock quality without affecting other lignin-related agronomic benefits. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0717-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4727291 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47272912016-01-27 Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels Nguyen, Tran-Nguyen Son, SeungHyun Jordan, Mark C. Levin, David B. Ayele, Belay T. BMC Plant Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Lignin is an important structural component of plant cell wall that confers mechanical strength and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stressors; however it affects the use of biomass such as wheat straw for some industrial applications such as biofuel production. Genetic alteration of lignin quantity and quality has been considered as a viable option to overcome this problem. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin formation in wheat biomass has not been studied. Combining molecular and biochemical approaches, the present study investigated the transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis in two wheat cultivars with varying lodging characteristics and also in response to waterlogging. It also examined the association of lignin level in tissues with that of plant hormones implicated in the control of lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS: Analysis of lignin biosynthesis in the two wheat cultivars revealed a close association of lodging resistance with internode lignin content and expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase1 (4CL1), p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase1 (C3H1), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase2 (CCR2), ferulate 5-hydroxylase2 (F5H2) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase2 (COMT2), which are among the genes highly expressed in wheat tissues, implying the importance of these genes in mediating lignin deposition in wheat stem. Waterlogging of wheat plants reduced internode lignin content, and this effect is accompanied by transcriptional repression of three of the genes characterized as highly expressed in wheat internode including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase6 (PAL6), CCR2 and F5H2, and decreased activity of PAL. Expression of the other genes was, however, induced by waterlogging, suggesting their role in the synthesis of other phenylpropanoid-derived molecules with roles in stress responses. Moreover, difference in internode lignin content between cultivars or change in its level due to waterlogging is associated with the level of cytokinin. CONCLUSION: Lodging resistance, tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and feedstock quality of wheat biomass are closely associated with its lignin content. Therefore, the findings of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin formation in wheat, an important step towards the development of molecular tools that can facilitate the breeding of wheat cultivars for optimized lignin content and enhanced feedstock quality without affecting other lignin-related agronomic benefits. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0717-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4727291/ /pubmed/26811086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0717-4 Text en © Nguyen et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nguyen, Tran-Nguyen Son, SeungHyun Jordan, Mark C. Levin, David B. Ayele, Belay T. Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
title | Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
title_full | Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
title_fullStr | Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
title_full_unstemmed | Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
title_short | Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
title_sort | lignin biosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727291/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26811086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0717-4 |
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