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Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China
BACKGROUND: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in China is partially covered by national programs and health insurance schemes, though TB patients often face considerable medical expenditures. For some, especially those from poorer households, non-medical costs, such as transport, accommodation, and nut...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727322/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26810394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0101-5 |
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author | Li, Qiang Jiang, Weixi Wang, Quanli Shen, Yuan Gao, Jingyuan Sato, Kaori D. Long, Qian Lucas, Henry |
author_facet | Li, Qiang Jiang, Weixi Wang, Quanli Shen, Yuan Gao, Jingyuan Sato, Kaori D. Long, Qian Lucas, Henry |
author_sort | Li, Qiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in China is partially covered by national programs and health insurance schemes, though TB patients often face considerable medical expenditures. For some, especially those from poorer households, non-medical costs, such as transport, accommodation, and nutritional supplementation may be a substantial additional burden. In this article we aim to evaluate these non-medical costs induced by seeking TB care using data from a large scale cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A total of 797 TB cases from three cities were randomly selected using a stratified cluster sampling design. Inpatient medical costs, outpatient medical costs, and direct non-medical costs related to TB treatment were collected using in-person interviews by trained interviewers. Mean and median non-medical costs for different sub-groups were calculated and compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of different patient characteristics on total non-medical cost. RESULTS: The median non-medical cost was RMB 1429, with interquartile range RMB 424–2793. The median non-medical costs relating to inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, and additional nutrition supplementation were RMB 540, 91, and 900, respectively. Of the 797 cases, 20 % reported catastrophic expenditure on non-medical costs. Statistically significant differences were detected between different cities, age groups, geographical locations, inpatient/outpatient care, education levels and family income groups. CONCLUSIONS: Non-medical costs relating to TB treatment are a serious financial burden for many TB patients. Financial assistance that can limit this burden is urgently needed during the treatment period, especially for the poor. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0101-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4727322 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47273222016-01-27 Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China Li, Qiang Jiang, Weixi Wang, Quanli Shen, Yuan Gao, Jingyuan Sato, Kaori D. Long, Qian Lucas, Henry Infect Dis Poverty Research Article BACKGROUND: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in China is partially covered by national programs and health insurance schemes, though TB patients often face considerable medical expenditures. For some, especially those from poorer households, non-medical costs, such as transport, accommodation, and nutritional supplementation may be a substantial additional burden. In this article we aim to evaluate these non-medical costs induced by seeking TB care using data from a large scale cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A total of 797 TB cases from three cities were randomly selected using a stratified cluster sampling design. Inpatient medical costs, outpatient medical costs, and direct non-medical costs related to TB treatment were collected using in-person interviews by trained interviewers. Mean and median non-medical costs for different sub-groups were calculated and compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of different patient characteristics on total non-medical cost. RESULTS: The median non-medical cost was RMB 1429, with interquartile range RMB 424–2793. The median non-medical costs relating to inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, and additional nutrition supplementation were RMB 540, 91, and 900, respectively. Of the 797 cases, 20 % reported catastrophic expenditure on non-medical costs. Statistically significant differences were detected between different cities, age groups, geographical locations, inpatient/outpatient care, education levels and family income groups. CONCLUSIONS: Non-medical costs relating to TB treatment are a serious financial burden for many TB patients. Financial assistance that can limit this burden is urgently needed during the treatment period, especially for the poor. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0101-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4727322/ /pubmed/26810394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0101-5 Text en © Li et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Li, Qiang Jiang, Weixi Wang, Quanli Shen, Yuan Gao, Jingyuan Sato, Kaori D. Long, Qian Lucas, Henry Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China |
title | Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China |
title_full | Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China |
title_fullStr | Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China |
title_short | Non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural China |
title_sort | non-medical financial burden in tuberculosis care: a cross-sectional survey in rural china |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727322/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26810394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0101-5 |
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