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The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals

The parthenogenetic all-female marbled crayfish is a novel research model and potent invader of freshwater ecosystems. It is a triploid descendant of the sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, but its taxonomic status has remained unsettled. By cross-breeding experiments and paren...

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Autores principales: Vogt, Günter, Falckenhayn, Cassandra, Schrimpf, Anne, Schmid, Katharina, Hanna, Katharina, Panteleit, Jörn, Helm, Mark, Schulz, Ralf, Lyko, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Company of Biologists 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26519519
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.014241
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author Vogt, Günter
Falckenhayn, Cassandra
Schrimpf, Anne
Schmid, Katharina
Hanna, Katharina
Panteleit, Jörn
Helm, Mark
Schulz, Ralf
Lyko, Frank
author_facet Vogt, Günter
Falckenhayn, Cassandra
Schrimpf, Anne
Schmid, Katharina
Hanna, Katharina
Panteleit, Jörn
Helm, Mark
Schulz, Ralf
Lyko, Frank
author_sort Vogt, Günter
collection PubMed
description The parthenogenetic all-female marbled crayfish is a novel research model and potent invader of freshwater ecosystems. It is a triploid descendant of the sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, but its taxonomic status has remained unsettled. By cross-breeding experiments and parentage analysis we show here that marbled crayfish and P. fallax are reproductively separated. Both crayfish copulate readily, suggesting that the reproductive barrier is set at the cytogenetic rather than the behavioural level. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes of marbled crayfish from laboratory lineages and wild populations demonstrates genetic identity and indicates a single origin. Flow cytometric comparison of DNA contents of haemocytes and analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci confirm triploidy and suggest autopolyploidisation as its cause. Global DNA methylation is significantly reduced in marbled crayfish implying the involvement of molecular epigenetic mechanisms in its origination. Morphologically, both crayfish are very similar but growth and fecundity are considerably larger in marbled crayfish, making it a different animal with superior fitness. These data and the high probability of a divergent future evolution of the marbled crayfish and P. fallax clusters suggest that marbled crayfish should be considered as an independent asexual species. Our findings also establish the P. fallax–marbled crayfish pair as a novel paradigm for rare chromosomal speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals and for saltational evolution in general.
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spelling pubmed-47283642016-02-01 The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals Vogt, Günter Falckenhayn, Cassandra Schrimpf, Anne Schmid, Katharina Hanna, Katharina Panteleit, Jörn Helm, Mark Schulz, Ralf Lyko, Frank Biol Open Research Article The parthenogenetic all-female marbled crayfish is a novel research model and potent invader of freshwater ecosystems. It is a triploid descendant of the sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, but its taxonomic status has remained unsettled. By cross-breeding experiments and parentage analysis we show here that marbled crayfish and P. fallax are reproductively separated. Both crayfish copulate readily, suggesting that the reproductive barrier is set at the cytogenetic rather than the behavioural level. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes of marbled crayfish from laboratory lineages and wild populations demonstrates genetic identity and indicates a single origin. Flow cytometric comparison of DNA contents of haemocytes and analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci confirm triploidy and suggest autopolyploidisation as its cause. Global DNA methylation is significantly reduced in marbled crayfish implying the involvement of molecular epigenetic mechanisms in its origination. Morphologically, both crayfish are very similar but growth and fecundity are considerably larger in marbled crayfish, making it a different animal with superior fitness. These data and the high probability of a divergent future evolution of the marbled crayfish and P. fallax clusters suggest that marbled crayfish should be considered as an independent asexual species. Our findings also establish the P. fallax–marbled crayfish pair as a novel paradigm for rare chromosomal speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals and for saltational evolution in general. The Company of Biologists 2015-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4728364/ /pubmed/26519519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.014241 Text en © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Research Article
Vogt, Günter
Falckenhayn, Cassandra
Schrimpf, Anne
Schmid, Katharina
Hanna, Katharina
Panteleit, Jörn
Helm, Mark
Schulz, Ralf
Lyko, Frank
The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
title The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
title_full The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
title_fullStr The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
title_full_unstemmed The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
title_short The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
title_sort marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26519519
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.014241
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