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Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study

BACKGROUND: The ability to follow gaze is an important prerequisite for joint attention, which is often compromised in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The direction of both the head and eyes provides cues to other people’s attention direction, but previous studies have not separated th...

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Autores principales: Thorup, Emilia, Nyström, Pär, Gredebäck, Gustaf, Bölte, Sven, Falck-Ytter, Terje
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9
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author Thorup, Emilia
Nyström, Pär
Gredebäck, Gustaf
Bölte, Sven
Falck-Ytter, Terje
author_facet Thorup, Emilia
Nyström, Pär
Gredebäck, Gustaf
Bölte, Sven
Falck-Ytter, Terje
author_sort Thorup, Emilia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The ability to follow gaze is an important prerequisite for joint attention, which is often compromised in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The direction of both the head and eyes provides cues to other people’s attention direction, but previous studies have not separated these factors and their relation to ASD susceptibility. Development of gaze following typically occurs before ASD diagnosis is possible, and studies of high-risk populations are therefore important. METHODS: Eye tracking was used to assess gaze following during interaction in a group of 10-month-old infants at high familial risk for ASD (high-risk group) as well as a group of infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk group). The infants watched an experimenter gaze at objects in the periphery. Performance was compared across two conditions: one in which the experimenter moved both the eyes and head toward the objects (Eyes and Head condition) and one that involved movement of the eyes only (Eyes Only condition). RESULTS: A group by condition interaction effect was found. Specifically, whereas gaze following accuracy was comparable across the two conditions in the low-risk group, infants in the high-risk group were more likely to follow gaze in the Eyes and Head condition than in the Eyes Only condition. CONCLUSIONS: In an ecologically valid social situation, responses to basic non-verbal orienting cues were found to be altered in infants at risk for ASD. The results indicate that infants at risk for ASD may rely disproportionally on information from the head when following gaze and point to the importance of separating information from the eyes and the head when studying social perception in ASD. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-47291532016-01-28 Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study Thorup, Emilia Nyström, Pär Gredebäck, Gustaf Bölte, Sven Falck-Ytter, Terje Mol Autism Research BACKGROUND: The ability to follow gaze is an important prerequisite for joint attention, which is often compromised in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The direction of both the head and eyes provides cues to other people’s attention direction, but previous studies have not separated these factors and their relation to ASD susceptibility. Development of gaze following typically occurs before ASD diagnosis is possible, and studies of high-risk populations are therefore important. METHODS: Eye tracking was used to assess gaze following during interaction in a group of 10-month-old infants at high familial risk for ASD (high-risk group) as well as a group of infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk group). The infants watched an experimenter gaze at objects in the periphery. Performance was compared across two conditions: one in which the experimenter moved both the eyes and head toward the objects (Eyes and Head condition) and one that involved movement of the eyes only (Eyes Only condition). RESULTS: A group by condition interaction effect was found. Specifically, whereas gaze following accuracy was comparable across the two conditions in the low-risk group, infants in the high-risk group were more likely to follow gaze in the Eyes and Head condition than in the Eyes Only condition. CONCLUSIONS: In an ecologically valid social situation, responses to basic non-verbal orienting cues were found to be altered in infants at risk for ASD. The results indicate that infants at risk for ASD may rely disproportionally on information from the head when following gaze and point to the importance of separating information from the eyes and the head when studying social perception in ASD. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4729153/ /pubmed/26819699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9 Text en © Thorup et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Thorup, Emilia
Nyström, Pär
Gredebäck, Gustaf
Bölte, Sven
Falck-Ytter, Terje
Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
title Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
title_full Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
title_fullStr Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
title_full_unstemmed Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
title_short Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
title_sort altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9
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