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Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity

The lack of new antibiotics in the pharmaceutical pipeline guides more and more researchers to leave the classical isolation procedures and to look in special niches and ecosystems. Bioprospecting of extremophilic Actinobacteria through mining untapped strains and avoiding resiolation of known biomo...

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Autores principales: Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh, Wink, Joachim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858692
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01541
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author Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh
Wink, Joachim
author_facet Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh
Wink, Joachim
author_sort Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh
collection PubMed
description The lack of new antibiotics in the pharmaceutical pipeline guides more and more researchers to leave the classical isolation procedures and to look in special niches and ecosystems. Bioprospecting of extremophilic Actinobacteria through mining untapped strains and avoiding resiolation of known biomolecules is among the most promising strategies for this purpose. With this approach, members of acidtolerant, alkalitolerant, psychrotolerant, thermotolerant, halotolerant and xerotolerant Actinobacteria have been obtained from respective habitats. Among these, little survey exists on the diversity of Actinobacteria in arid areas, which are often adapted to relatively high temperatures, salt concentrations, and radiation. Therefore, arid and desert habitats are special ecosystems which can be recruited for the isolation of uncommon Actinobacteria with new metabolic capability. At the time of this writing, members of Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Saccharothrix, Streptosporangium, Cellulomonas, Amycolatopsis, Geodermatophilus, Lechevalieria, Nocardia, and Actinomadura are reported from arid habitats. However, metagenomic data present dominant members of the communities in desiccating condition of areas with limited water availability that are not yet isolated. Furthermore, significant diverse types of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes are detected in xerophilic and xerotolerant Actinobacteria and some bioactive compounds are reported from them. Rather than pharmaceutically active metabolites, molecules with protection activity against drying such as Ectoin and Hydroxyectoin with potential application in industry and agriculture have also been identified from xerophilic Actinobacteria. In addition, numerous biologically active small molecules are expected to be discovered from arid adapted Actinobacteria in the future. In the current survey, the diversity and biotechnological potential of Actinobacteria obtained from arid ecosystems, along with the recent work trend on Iranian arid soils, are reported.
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spelling pubmed-47299442016-02-08 Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh Wink, Joachim Front Microbiol Microbiology The lack of new antibiotics in the pharmaceutical pipeline guides more and more researchers to leave the classical isolation procedures and to look in special niches and ecosystems. Bioprospecting of extremophilic Actinobacteria through mining untapped strains and avoiding resiolation of known biomolecules is among the most promising strategies for this purpose. With this approach, members of acidtolerant, alkalitolerant, psychrotolerant, thermotolerant, halotolerant and xerotolerant Actinobacteria have been obtained from respective habitats. Among these, little survey exists on the diversity of Actinobacteria in arid areas, which are often adapted to relatively high temperatures, salt concentrations, and radiation. Therefore, arid and desert habitats are special ecosystems which can be recruited for the isolation of uncommon Actinobacteria with new metabolic capability. At the time of this writing, members of Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Saccharothrix, Streptosporangium, Cellulomonas, Amycolatopsis, Geodermatophilus, Lechevalieria, Nocardia, and Actinomadura are reported from arid habitats. However, metagenomic data present dominant members of the communities in desiccating condition of areas with limited water availability that are not yet isolated. Furthermore, significant diverse types of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes are detected in xerophilic and xerotolerant Actinobacteria and some bioactive compounds are reported from them. Rather than pharmaceutically active metabolites, molecules with protection activity against drying such as Ectoin and Hydroxyectoin with potential application in industry and agriculture have also been identified from xerophilic Actinobacteria. In addition, numerous biologically active small molecules are expected to be discovered from arid adapted Actinobacteria in the future. In the current survey, the diversity and biotechnological potential of Actinobacteria obtained from arid ecosystems, along with the recent work trend on Iranian arid soils, are reported. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4729944/ /pubmed/26858692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01541 Text en Copyright © 2016 Mohammadipanah and Wink. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh
Wink, Joachim
Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity
title Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity
title_full Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity
title_fullStr Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity
title_full_unstemmed Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity
title_short Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity
title_sort actinobacteria from arid and desert habitats: diversity and biological activity
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858692
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01541
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