Cargando…
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The popu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730484/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 |
_version_ | 1782412410756268032 |
---|---|
author | Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi |
author_facet | Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi |
author_sort | Timm, Signe |
collection | PubMed |
description | The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945–1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57–0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4730484 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47304842016-02-11 The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945–1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57–0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population. MDPI 2015-12-30 2016-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4730484/ /pubmed/26729146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title | The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_full | The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_fullStr | The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_full_unstemmed | The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_short | The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_sort | urban-rural gradient in asthma: a population-based study in northern europe |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730484/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT timmsigne theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT frydenbergmorten theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT jansonchrister theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT campbellbrittany theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT forsbergbertil theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT gislasonthorarinn theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT holmmathias theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT jogirain theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT omenaasernst theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT sigsgaardtorben theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT svanescecilie theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT schlunssenvivi theurbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT timmsigne urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT frydenbergmorten urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT jansonchrister urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT campbellbrittany urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT forsbergbertil urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT gislasonthorarinn urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT holmmathias urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT jogirain urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT omenaasernst urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT sigsgaardtorben urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT svanescecilie urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope AT schlunssenvivi urbanruralgradientinasthmaapopulationbasedstudyinnortherneurope |