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The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe

The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The popu...

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Autores principales: Timm, Signe, Frydenberg, Morten, Janson, Christer, Campbell, Brittany, Forsberg, Bertil, Gislason, Thorarinn, Holm, Mathias, Jogi, Rain, Omenaas, Ernst, Sigsgaard, Torben, Svanes, Cecilie, Schlünssen, Vivi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730484/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093
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author Timm, Signe
Frydenberg, Morten
Janson, Christer
Campbell, Brittany
Forsberg, Bertil
Gislason, Thorarinn
Holm, Mathias
Jogi, Rain
Omenaas, Ernst
Sigsgaard, Torben
Svanes, Cecilie
Schlünssen, Vivi
author_facet Timm, Signe
Frydenberg, Morten
Janson, Christer
Campbell, Brittany
Forsberg, Bertil
Gislason, Thorarinn
Holm, Mathias
Jogi, Rain
Omenaas, Ernst
Sigsgaard, Torben
Svanes, Cecilie
Schlünssen, Vivi
author_sort Timm, Signe
collection PubMed
description The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945–1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57–0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population.
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spelling pubmed-47304842016-02-11 The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945–1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57–0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population. MDPI 2015-12-30 2016-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4730484/ /pubmed/26729146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Timm, Signe
Frydenberg, Morten
Janson, Christer
Campbell, Brittany
Forsberg, Bertil
Gislason, Thorarinn
Holm, Mathias
Jogi, Rain
Omenaas, Ernst
Sigsgaard, Torben
Svanes, Cecilie
Schlünssen, Vivi
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
title The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
title_full The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
title_fullStr The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
title_full_unstemmed The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
title_short The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
title_sort urban-rural gradient in asthma: a population-based study in northern europe
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730484/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093
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