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Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children

Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children <5 years of age (75%–80%) and is currently the leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed nations. Even when residing in the West, East Asian children are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop KD. We hypothesized cultural variations influ...

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Autores principales: Yeter, Deniz, Portman, Michael A., Aschner, Michael, Farina, Marcelo, Chan, Wen-Ching, Hsieh, Kai-Sheng, Kuo, Ho-Chang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742052
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010101
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author Yeter, Deniz
Portman, Michael A.
Aschner, Michael
Farina, Marcelo
Chan, Wen-Ching
Hsieh, Kai-Sheng
Kuo, Ho-Chang
author_facet Yeter, Deniz
Portman, Michael A.
Aschner, Michael
Farina, Marcelo
Chan, Wen-Ching
Hsieh, Kai-Sheng
Kuo, Ho-Chang
author_sort Yeter, Deniz
collection PubMed
description Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children <5 years of age (75%–80%) and is currently the leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed nations. Even when residing in the West, East Asian children are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop KD. We hypothesized cultural variations influencing pediatric mercury (Hg) exposure from seafood consumption may mediate ethnic KD risk among children in the United States. Hospitalization rates of KD in US children aged 0–4 years (n = 10,880) and blood Hg levels in US children aged 1–5 years (n = 713) were determined using separate US federal datasets. Our cohort primarily presented with blood Hg levels <0.1 micrograms (µg) per kg bodyweight (96.5%) that are considered normal and subtoxic. Increased ethnic KD risk was significantly associated with both increasing levels and detection rates of blood Hg or cadmium (Cd) in a linear dose-responsive manner between ethnic African, Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic children in the US (p ≤ 0.05). Increasing low-dose exposure to Hg or Cd may induce KD or contribute to its later development in susceptible children. However, our preliminary results require further replication in other ethnic populations, in addition to more in-depth examination of metal exposure and toxicokinetics.
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spelling pubmed-47304922016-02-11 Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children Yeter, Deniz Portman, Michael A. Aschner, Michael Farina, Marcelo Chan, Wen-Ching Hsieh, Kai-Sheng Kuo, Ho-Chang Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children <5 years of age (75%–80%) and is currently the leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed nations. Even when residing in the West, East Asian children are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop KD. We hypothesized cultural variations influencing pediatric mercury (Hg) exposure from seafood consumption may mediate ethnic KD risk among children in the United States. Hospitalization rates of KD in US children aged 0–4 years (n = 10,880) and blood Hg levels in US children aged 1–5 years (n = 713) were determined using separate US federal datasets. Our cohort primarily presented with blood Hg levels <0.1 micrograms (µg) per kg bodyweight (96.5%) that are considered normal and subtoxic. Increased ethnic KD risk was significantly associated with both increasing levels and detection rates of blood Hg or cadmium (Cd) in a linear dose-responsive manner between ethnic African, Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic children in the US (p ≤ 0.05). Increasing low-dose exposure to Hg or Cd may induce KD or contribute to its later development in susceptible children. However, our preliminary results require further replication in other ethnic populations, in addition to more in-depth examination of metal exposure and toxicokinetics. MDPI 2016-01-05 2016-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4730492/ /pubmed/26742052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010101 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yeter, Deniz
Portman, Michael A.
Aschner, Michael
Farina, Marcelo
Chan, Wen-Ching
Hsieh, Kai-Sheng
Kuo, Ho-Chang
Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
title Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
title_full Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
title_fullStr Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
title_full_unstemmed Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
title_short Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
title_sort ethnic kawasaki disease risk associated with blood mercury and cadmium in u.s. children
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742052
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010101
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