Cargando…

Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China

Cosmetics have been studied for a long time in the society and culture research, and its consumption is regarded as a cultural symbol of human society. This paper focuses on the analysis of the red cosmetic sticks, found in Xiaohe Cemetery (1980–1450BC), Xinjiang, China. The structure of the red cos...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mai, Huijuan, Yang, Yimin, Abuduresule, Idelisi, Li, Wenying, Hu, Xingjun, Wang, Changsui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18939
_version_ 1782412489045049344
author Mai, Huijuan
Yang, Yimin
Abuduresule, Idelisi
Li, Wenying
Hu, Xingjun
Wang, Changsui
author_facet Mai, Huijuan
Yang, Yimin
Abuduresule, Idelisi
Li, Wenying
Hu, Xingjun
Wang, Changsui
author_sort Mai, Huijuan
collection PubMed
description Cosmetics have been studied for a long time in the society and culture research, and its consumption is regarded as a cultural symbol of human society. This paper focuses on the analysis of the red cosmetic sticks, found in Xiaohe Cemetery (1980–1450BC), Xinjiang, China. The structure of the red cosmetic sticks was disclosed by SR-μCT scanning (Synchrotron Radiation Micro-computed Tomography), while the chemical components were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman Spectroscopy and Proteomics. The results suggested that the cosmetic sticks were made from the cattle heart and covered with a layer of hematite powders as the pigment. Given the numerous red painted relics in Xiaohe Cemetery, this kind of cosmetic sticks might be used as a primitive form of crayon for makeup and painting. The usage of cattle hearts as cosmetic sticks is firstly reported up to our knowledge, which not only reveals the varied utilizations of cattle in Xiaohe Cemetery but also shows the distinctive religious function. Furthermore, these red cosmetic sticks were usually buried with women, implying that the woman may be the painter and play a special role in religious activities.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4730899
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Nature Publishing Group
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-47308992016-02-03 Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China Mai, Huijuan Yang, Yimin Abuduresule, Idelisi Li, Wenying Hu, Xingjun Wang, Changsui Sci Rep Article Cosmetics have been studied for a long time in the society and culture research, and its consumption is regarded as a cultural symbol of human society. This paper focuses on the analysis of the red cosmetic sticks, found in Xiaohe Cemetery (1980–1450BC), Xinjiang, China. The structure of the red cosmetic sticks was disclosed by SR-μCT scanning (Synchrotron Radiation Micro-computed Tomography), while the chemical components were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman Spectroscopy and Proteomics. The results suggested that the cosmetic sticks were made from the cattle heart and covered with a layer of hematite powders as the pigment. Given the numerous red painted relics in Xiaohe Cemetery, this kind of cosmetic sticks might be used as a primitive form of crayon for makeup and painting. The usage of cattle hearts as cosmetic sticks is firstly reported up to our knowledge, which not only reveals the varied utilizations of cattle in Xiaohe Cemetery but also shows the distinctive religious function. Furthermore, these red cosmetic sticks were usually buried with women, implying that the woman may be the painter and play a special role in religious activities. Nature Publishing Group 2016-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4730899/ /pubmed/26820435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18939 Text en Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Mai, Huijuan
Yang, Yimin
Abuduresule, Idelisi
Li, Wenying
Hu, Xingjun
Wang, Changsui
Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China
title Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China
title_full Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China
title_fullStr Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China
title_short Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China
title_sort characterization of cosmetic sticks at xiaohe cemetery in early bronze age xinjiang, china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18939
work_keys_str_mv AT maihuijuan characterizationofcosmeticsticksatxiaohecemeteryinearlybronzeagexinjiangchina
AT yangyimin characterizationofcosmeticsticksatxiaohecemeteryinearlybronzeagexinjiangchina
AT abuduresuleidelisi characterizationofcosmeticsticksatxiaohecemeteryinearlybronzeagexinjiangchina
AT liwenying characterizationofcosmeticsticksatxiaohecemeteryinearlybronzeagexinjiangchina
AT huxingjun characterizationofcosmeticsticksatxiaohecemeteryinearlybronzeagexinjiangchina
AT wangchangsui characterizationofcosmeticsticksatxiaohecemeteryinearlybronzeagexinjiangchina