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Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy

In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional nanoparticulate system with specific targeting, imaging, and drug delivering functionalities by following a three-step protocol that operates at room temperature and solely in aqueous media. The synthesis involves the encapsulation of luminescent Mn:Zn...

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Autores principales: Bwatanglang, Ibrahim Birma, Mohammad, Faruq, Yusof, Nor Azah, Abdullah, Jaafar, Hussein, Mohd Zobir, Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu, Abu, Nadiah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858524
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S90198
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author Bwatanglang, Ibrahim Birma
Mohammad, Faruq
Yusof, Nor Azah
Abdullah, Jaafar
Hussein, Mohd Zobir
Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu
Abu, Nadiah
author_facet Bwatanglang, Ibrahim Birma
Mohammad, Faruq
Yusof, Nor Azah
Abdullah, Jaafar
Hussein, Mohd Zobir
Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu
Abu, Nadiah
author_sort Bwatanglang, Ibrahim Birma
collection PubMed
description In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional nanoparticulate system with specific targeting, imaging, and drug delivering functionalities by following a three-step protocol that operates at room temperature and solely in aqueous media. The synthesis involves the encapsulation of luminescent Mn:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with chitosan not only as a stabilizer in biological environment, but also to further provide active binding sites for the conjugation of other biomolecules. Folic acid was incorporated as targeting agent for the specific targeting of the nanocarrier toward the cells overexpressing folate receptors. Thus, the formed composite emits orange–red fluorescence around 600 nm and investigated to the highest intensity at Mn(2+) doping concentration of 15 at.% and relatively more stable at low acidic and low alkaline pH levels. The structural characteristics and optical properties were thoroughly analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Further characterization was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cell viability and proliferation studies by means of MTT assay have demonstrated that the as-synthesized composites do not exhibit any toxicity toward the human breast cell line MCF-10 (noncancer) and the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) up to a 500 µg/mL concentration. The cellular uptake of the nanocomposites was assayed by confocal laser scanning microscope by taking advantage of the conjugated Mn:ZnS QDs as fluorescence makers. The result showed that the functionalization of the chitosan-encapsulated QDs with folic acid enhanced the internalization and binding affinity of the nanocarrier toward folate receptor-overexpressed cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that due to the nontoxic nature of the composite, the as-synthesized nanoparticulate system can be used as a promising candidate for theranostic applications, especially for a simultaneous targeted drug delivery and cellular imaging.
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spelling pubmed-47309972016-02-08 Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy Bwatanglang, Ibrahim Birma Mohammad, Faruq Yusof, Nor Azah Abdullah, Jaafar Hussein, Mohd Zobir Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu Abu, Nadiah Int J Nanomedicine Original Research In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional nanoparticulate system with specific targeting, imaging, and drug delivering functionalities by following a three-step protocol that operates at room temperature and solely in aqueous media. The synthesis involves the encapsulation of luminescent Mn:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with chitosan not only as a stabilizer in biological environment, but also to further provide active binding sites for the conjugation of other biomolecules. Folic acid was incorporated as targeting agent for the specific targeting of the nanocarrier toward the cells overexpressing folate receptors. Thus, the formed composite emits orange–red fluorescence around 600 nm and investigated to the highest intensity at Mn(2+) doping concentration of 15 at.% and relatively more stable at low acidic and low alkaline pH levels. The structural characteristics and optical properties were thoroughly analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Further characterization was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cell viability and proliferation studies by means of MTT assay have demonstrated that the as-synthesized composites do not exhibit any toxicity toward the human breast cell line MCF-10 (noncancer) and the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) up to a 500 µg/mL concentration. The cellular uptake of the nanocomposites was assayed by confocal laser scanning microscope by taking advantage of the conjugated Mn:ZnS QDs as fluorescence makers. The result showed that the functionalization of the chitosan-encapsulated QDs with folic acid enhanced the internalization and binding affinity of the nanocarrier toward folate receptor-overexpressed cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that due to the nontoxic nature of the composite, the as-synthesized nanoparticulate system can be used as a promising candidate for theranostic applications, especially for a simultaneous targeted drug delivery and cellular imaging. Dove Medical Press 2016-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4730997/ /pubmed/26858524 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S90198 Text en © 2016 Bwatanglang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Original Research
Bwatanglang, Ibrahim Birma
Mohammad, Faruq
Yusof, Nor Azah
Abdullah, Jaafar
Hussein, Mohd Zobir
Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu
Abu, Nadiah
Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
title Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
title_full Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
title_fullStr Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
title_full_unstemmed Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
title_short Folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
title_sort folic acid targeted mn:zns quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858524
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S90198
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