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Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses

BACKGROUND: Co-infection of different influenza A viruses is known to occur but how viruses interact within co-infection remains unknown. An outbreak in a college campus during the 2009 pandemic involved two subtypes of influenza A: persons infected with pandemic A/H1N1; persons infected with season...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xu-Sheng, De Angelis, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4731987/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26825326
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1373-x
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author Zhang, Xu-Sheng
De Angelis, Daniela
author_facet Zhang, Xu-Sheng
De Angelis, Daniela
author_sort Zhang, Xu-Sheng
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Co-infection of different influenza A viruses is known to occur but how viruses interact within co-infection remains unknown. An outbreak in a college campus during the 2009 pandemic involved two subtypes of influenza A: persons infected with pandemic A/H1N1; persons infected with seasonal A/H3N2 viruses; and persons infected with both at the same time (co-infection). This provides data to analyse the possible interaction between influenza A viruses within co-infection. METHODS: We extend a statistical inference method designed for outbreaks caused by one virus to that caused by two viruses. The method uses knowledge of which subtype each case is infected with (and whether they were co-infected), contact information and symptom onset date of each case in the influenza outbreak. We then apply it to construct the most likely transmission tree during the outbreak in the college campus. RESULTS: Analysis of the constructed transmission tree shows that the simultaneous presence of the two influenza viruses increases the infectivity and the transmissibility of A/H1N1 virus but whether it changes the infectivity of A/H3N2 is unclear. The estimation also shows that co-transmission of both subtypes from co-infection is low and therefore co-infection cannot be sustained on its own. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that influenza A viruses within co-infected patients can interact in some ways rather than transmit independently, and this can enhance the spread of influenza A virus infection. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1373-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-47319872016-01-30 Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses Zhang, Xu-Sheng De Angelis, Daniela BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Co-infection of different influenza A viruses is known to occur but how viruses interact within co-infection remains unknown. An outbreak in a college campus during the 2009 pandemic involved two subtypes of influenza A: persons infected with pandemic A/H1N1; persons infected with seasonal A/H3N2 viruses; and persons infected with both at the same time (co-infection). This provides data to analyse the possible interaction between influenza A viruses within co-infection. METHODS: We extend a statistical inference method designed for outbreaks caused by one virus to that caused by two viruses. The method uses knowledge of which subtype each case is infected with (and whether they were co-infected), contact information and symptom onset date of each case in the influenza outbreak. We then apply it to construct the most likely transmission tree during the outbreak in the college campus. RESULTS: Analysis of the constructed transmission tree shows that the simultaneous presence of the two influenza viruses increases the infectivity and the transmissibility of A/H1N1 virus but whether it changes the infectivity of A/H3N2 is unclear. The estimation also shows that co-transmission of both subtypes from co-infection is low and therefore co-infection cannot be sustained on its own. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that influenza A viruses within co-infected patients can interact in some ways rather than transmit independently, and this can enhance the spread of influenza A virus infection. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1373-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4731987/ /pubmed/26825326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1373-x Text en © Zhang and De Angelis. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhang, Xu-Sheng
De Angelis, Daniela
Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses
title Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses
title_full Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses
title_fullStr Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses
title_full_unstemmed Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses
title_short Construction of the influenza A virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza A viruses
title_sort construction of the influenza a virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza a viruses
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4731987/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26825326
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1373-x
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