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Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species
Non-invasive monitoring of wild felid reproductive states is important, given that many species reproduce poorly in captivity. Despite extensive work in faecal hormone analysis in felids, continued development of techniques is necessary, particularly with wild populations. In this study, our aims we...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27293665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cou044 |
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author | Terwissen, C. V. Mastromonaco, G. F. Murray, D. L. |
author_facet | Terwissen, C. V. Mastromonaco, G. F. Murray, D. L. |
author_sort | Terwissen, C. V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Non-invasive monitoring of wild felid reproductive states is important, given that many species reproduce poorly in captivity. Despite extensive work in faecal hormone analysis in felids, continued development of techniques is necessary, particularly with wild populations. In this study, our aims were as follows: (i) biochemical validation of enzyme immunoassays for estrogen, testosterone and progesterone in Canada lynx and domestic cat hair extracts; (ii) assessment of the use of hair reproductive hormones to differentiate between reproductive states (intact, estrus, pregnant and spayed/neutered), using domestic cats as a model; and (iii) assessment of the use of hair reproductive hormones to differentiate between age and sex, accounting for potential regional variability in wild lynx populations. Analysis of hair hormone levels showed prospective value in detecting pregnancy states, with pregnant domestic cats having higher levels of progesterone than spayed females. However, intact and pregnant cats did not differ in progesterone levels. Yet, two female domestic cats had higher levels of hair progesterone following a 38-day oral progestin treatment, perhaps providing a preliminary pharmacological validation of the method. Estrogen and testosterone did not differ statistically according to reproductive states of domestic cats, although intact males had higher levels of hair testosterone than neutered males. When we applied these techniques to lynx fur, we determined that hormone levels were not sufficiently precise to differentiate age classes. Hair reproductive hormone ratios differed between sexes, with the estrogen-to-progesterone ratio demonstrating the highest accuracy in differentiating males from females. Hair hormone levels differed regionally for wild lynx, indicating that spatial variability should be a consideration in wildlife hormone studies spanning large spatial scales. We conclude that use of hair hormone analysis by enzyme immunoassay may hold promise for differentiating sex in felids, but the technique will require further refinement and validation before it can be applied broadly and reliably. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4732485 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47324852016-06-10 Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species Terwissen, C. V. Mastromonaco, G. F. Murray, D. L. Conserv Physiol Toolbox Non-invasive monitoring of wild felid reproductive states is important, given that many species reproduce poorly in captivity. Despite extensive work in faecal hormone analysis in felids, continued development of techniques is necessary, particularly with wild populations. In this study, our aims were as follows: (i) biochemical validation of enzyme immunoassays for estrogen, testosterone and progesterone in Canada lynx and domestic cat hair extracts; (ii) assessment of the use of hair reproductive hormones to differentiate between reproductive states (intact, estrus, pregnant and spayed/neutered), using domestic cats as a model; and (iii) assessment of the use of hair reproductive hormones to differentiate between age and sex, accounting for potential regional variability in wild lynx populations. Analysis of hair hormone levels showed prospective value in detecting pregnancy states, with pregnant domestic cats having higher levels of progesterone than spayed females. However, intact and pregnant cats did not differ in progesterone levels. Yet, two female domestic cats had higher levels of hair progesterone following a 38-day oral progestin treatment, perhaps providing a preliminary pharmacological validation of the method. Estrogen and testosterone did not differ statistically according to reproductive states of domestic cats, although intact males had higher levels of hair testosterone than neutered males. When we applied these techniques to lynx fur, we determined that hormone levels were not sufficiently precise to differentiate age classes. Hair reproductive hormone ratios differed between sexes, with the estrogen-to-progesterone ratio demonstrating the highest accuracy in differentiating males from females. Hair hormone levels differed regionally for wild lynx, indicating that spatial variability should be a consideration in wildlife hormone studies spanning large spatial scales. We conclude that use of hair hormone analysis by enzyme immunoassay may hold promise for differentiating sex in felids, but the technique will require further refinement and validation before it can be applied broadly and reliably. Oxford University Press 2014-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4732485/ /pubmed/27293665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cou044 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Toolbox Terwissen, C. V. Mastromonaco, G. F. Murray, D. L. Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
title | Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
title_full | Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
title_fullStr | Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
title_full_unstemmed | Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
title_short | Enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
title_sort | enzyme immunoassays as a method for quantifying hair reproductive hormones in two felid species |
topic | Toolbox |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27293665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cou044 |
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