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Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the earliest stages of embryonic development although it is well recognized that ionizing radiation is a natural part of our environment and further exposure may occur due to medical applications. The current study addresses this issue using...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4733326/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2015.0260 |
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author | Helm, Alexander Arrizabalaga, Onetsine Pignalosa, Diana Schroeder, Insa S. Durante, Marco Ritter, Sylvia |
author_facet | Helm, Alexander Arrizabalaga, Onetsine Pignalosa, Diana Schroeder, Insa S. Durante, Marco Ritter, Sylvia |
author_sort | Helm, Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | Little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the earliest stages of embryonic development although it is well recognized that ionizing radiation is a natural part of our environment and further exposure may occur due to medical applications. The current study addresses this issue using D3 mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system. Cells were irradiated with either X-rays or carbon ions representing sparsely and densely ionizing radiation and their effect on the differentiation of D3 cells into spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes through embryoid body (EB) formation was measured. This study is the first to demonstrate that ionizing radiation impairs the formation of beating cardiomyocytes with carbon ions being more detrimental than X-rays. However, after prolonged culture time, the number of beating EBs derived from carbon ion irradiated cells almost reached control levels indicating that the surviving cells are still capable of developing along the cardiac lineage although with considerable delay. Reduced EB size, failure to downregulate pluripotency markers, and impaired expression of cardiac markers were identified as the cause of compromised cardiomyocyte formation. Dysregulation of cardiac differentiation was accompanied by alterations in the expression of endodermal and ectodermal markers that were more severe after carbon ion irradiation than after exposure to X-rays. In conclusion, our data show that carbon ion irradiation profoundly affects differentiation and thus may pose a higher risk to the early embryo than X-rays. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4733326 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47333262016-02-08 Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Helm, Alexander Arrizabalaga, Onetsine Pignalosa, Diana Schroeder, Insa S. Durante, Marco Ritter, Sylvia Stem Cells Dev Original Research Reports Little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the earliest stages of embryonic development although it is well recognized that ionizing radiation is a natural part of our environment and further exposure may occur due to medical applications. The current study addresses this issue using D3 mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system. Cells were irradiated with either X-rays or carbon ions representing sparsely and densely ionizing radiation and their effect on the differentiation of D3 cells into spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes through embryoid body (EB) formation was measured. This study is the first to demonstrate that ionizing radiation impairs the formation of beating cardiomyocytes with carbon ions being more detrimental than X-rays. However, after prolonged culture time, the number of beating EBs derived from carbon ion irradiated cells almost reached control levels indicating that the surviving cells are still capable of developing along the cardiac lineage although with considerable delay. Reduced EB size, failure to downregulate pluripotency markers, and impaired expression of cardiac markers were identified as the cause of compromised cardiomyocyte formation. Dysregulation of cardiac differentiation was accompanied by alterations in the expression of endodermal and ectodermal markers that were more severe after carbon ion irradiation than after exposure to X-rays. In conclusion, our data show that carbon ion irradiation profoundly affects differentiation and thus may pose a higher risk to the early embryo than X-rays. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2016-01-15 2015-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4733326/ /pubmed/26506910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2015.0260 Text en © Alexander Helm, et al., 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Reports Helm, Alexander Arrizabalaga, Onetsine Pignalosa, Diana Schroeder, Insa S. Durante, Marco Ritter, Sylvia Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells |
title | Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells |
title_full | Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells |
title_fullStr | Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells |
title_short | Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells |
title_sort | ionizing radiation impacts on cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells |
topic | Original Research Reports |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4733326/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506910 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2015.0260 |
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