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Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease

Retrogradely transported toxins are widely used to set up protocols for selective lesioning of the nervous system. These methods could be collectively named “molecular neurosurgery” because they are able to destroy specific types of neurons by using targeted neurotoxins. Lectins such as ricin, volke...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Gulino, Rosario
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26862439
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2769735
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author Gulino, Rosario
author_facet Gulino, Rosario
author_sort Gulino, Rosario
collection PubMed
description Retrogradely transported toxins are widely used to set up protocols for selective lesioning of the nervous system. These methods could be collectively named “molecular neurosurgery” because they are able to destroy specific types of neurons by using targeted neurotoxins. Lectins such as ricin, volkensin, or modeccin and neuropeptide- or antibody-conjugated saporin represent the most effective toxins used for neuronal lesioning. Some of these specific neurotoxins could be used to induce selective depletion of spinal motoneurons. In this review, we extensively describe two rodent models of motoneuron degeneration induced by volkensin or cholera toxin-B saporin. In particular, we focus on the possible experimental use of these models to mimic neurodegenerative diseases, to dissect the molecular mechanisms of neuroplastic changes underlying the spontaneous functional recovery after motoneuron death, and finally to test different strategies of neural repair. The potential clinical applications of these approaches are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-47359332016-02-09 Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease Gulino, Rosario Neural Plast Review Article Retrogradely transported toxins are widely used to set up protocols for selective lesioning of the nervous system. These methods could be collectively named “molecular neurosurgery” because they are able to destroy specific types of neurons by using targeted neurotoxins. Lectins such as ricin, volkensin, or modeccin and neuropeptide- or antibody-conjugated saporin represent the most effective toxins used for neuronal lesioning. Some of these specific neurotoxins could be used to induce selective depletion of spinal motoneurons. In this review, we extensively describe two rodent models of motoneuron degeneration induced by volkensin or cholera toxin-B saporin. In particular, we focus on the possible experimental use of these models to mimic neurodegenerative diseases, to dissect the molecular mechanisms of neuroplastic changes underlying the spontaneous functional recovery after motoneuron death, and finally to test different strategies of neural repair. The potential clinical applications of these approaches are also discussed. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4735933/ /pubmed/26862439 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2769735 Text en Copyright © 2016 Rosario Gulino. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Gulino, Rosario
Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease
title Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease
title_full Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease
title_fullStr Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease
title_full_unstemmed Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease
title_short Neuroplasticity and Repair in Rodent Neurotoxic Models of Spinal Motoneuron Disease
title_sort neuroplasticity and repair in rodent neurotoxic models of spinal motoneuron disease
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26862439
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2769735
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